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Units 2 and 3 Test
Review for Units 2+3 Test
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Proclamation of 1763 | Forbid colonists from settling west of the Appalachian mountains. Created some anger among colonists who wished to move West for new land. |
| Salutary Neglect | Period where Britain relaxed enforcement of regulations of the American colonists. The end of this period following the French and Indian War caused anger and protests among colonists. |
| Stamp Act | A British tax placed on almost everything that was printed on paper (playing cards, legal documents, newspapers, pamphlets, etc.) |
| Declaration of Independence | Justified American independence from Britain. Said Britain had violated colonists' rights to life, liberty and pursuit of happiness. Borrowed heavily from ideas of John Locke. |
| Common Sense | Written by Thomas Paine advocating for independence. Caused an increase in popular support for the independence movement. |
| Articles of Confederation | first government of the United States. Had a weak central government. Among the issues: No executive, no power to tax, no power to raise an army, every state had their own currency. |
| Separation of Powers | Idea that power should be divided between the branches of government (Executive, Legislative, Judicial). One way the Constitution guarded against tyranny. |
| Checks and Balances | When one branch has oversight of another branch. For example, the President can veto a law passed by Congress, Congress can override the veto, and the Supreme Court can declare a law unconstitutional. A way that the Constitution guarded against tyranny. |
| Tyranny | When too much power is gathered in one place. |
| Federalism | The division of power between the federal (national) and state governments |
| Marbury v. Madison | Established the concept of Judicial Review |
| Judicial Review | The principal that the courts have the authority to declare laws and actions unconstitutional. |
| Strict Constructionist | Someone who believes that the government doesn't have any powers not explicitly stated in the Constitution. (example: Thomas Jefferson) |
| Loose Constructionist | Someone who believes the government has implied powers not explicitly stated in the Constitution. Believed these powers were granted due to the "necessary and proper" clause. (example: Alexander Hamilton) |
| Great Compromise | Established a bicameral legislature where one house had representation based on population (House of Representatives) and the other house had equal representation (Senate) |
| Virginia Plan | Proposal that representation in Congress should be based on population |
| New Jersey Plan | Proposal that representation in Congress should be equal, regardless of the population of a state. |
| Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions | Proposed that state governments could nullify federal law if those laws violated the Constitution. |
| Shay's Rebellion | Rebellion that demonstrated weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation because the government was unable to put rebellion down on their own. |
| Whiskey Rebellion | Anti-tax rebellion that was swiftly put down by George Washington's government. |
| Three-fifths Compromise | For representation in the House of Representatives: Enslaved persons would count as 3/5 of a person. |
| Anti-federalists | Opposed ratification of the Constitution. Did not believe it did enough to protect against tyranny. Wanted a Bill of Rights added to the Constitution |
| Federalists | Promoted the ratification of the Constitution through the Federalist papers. |
| Washington's Farewell Address | Before leaving office, Washington gave this speech. In it, he warned against political parties and entanglement in foreign affairs. |
| Montesquieu | Enlightenment philosopher who promoted the idea of separation of powers between government branches. |
| John Locke | Enlightenment philosopher who promoted the idea that people had natural rights and if the government didn't protect those rights, the people had a right to overthrow them. |
| First Amendment | Protected freedom of speech, freedom of religion, freedom of the press, freedom of assembly and freedom of petition |
| Alexander Hamilton | Promoted the idea of a National Bank and that the federal government should pay off the debts of the states. Believed the "necessary and proper" clause gave the government the power to do this. |
| Alien and Sedition Acts | Gave the President power to expel any foreign born residents from the United States and made it illegal to publish, utter, or write false, salacious, and malicious writings against the government or the President. |
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