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Exam 2
lecture 4-6
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Pilgrims | English citizens who separated themselves from English society and religion; gave us democracy |
| William brewster | leader of the Scrooby separatists who eventually settled in New England |
| Mayflower and Speedwell | ship pilgrims used to sail to America; speedwell had a leak and was left in England |
| plymouth | North American colony established by the Scrooby separatists |
| mayflower compact | document that established democracy in America |
| samoset | Native American diplomat who greeted the pilgrims in America |
| squanto | Native American who showed pilgrims how to survive in New England |
| massasoit | Wampanoag chief who celebrated thanksgiving with pilgrims |
| confederation of New England | 1643; model for first government of America; New England colonies unified to protect themselves against native tribes |
| puritans | English citizens who tried to fix the English church by creating a model society |
| John winthrop | puritan leader who established the Massachusetts bay colony; 1st gov. of Mass. |
| great migration | puritan migration; mass puritans migrating to Mass. after gaining charter from king Charles |
| covenant of grace | discovery voyage that serves as the core of the puritan religion |
| TULIP | Total depravity Unconditional election limited atonement Irresistible grace Perseverance |
| Harvard | first center of higher education |
| old deluder satan law | rules that established schools in New England towns and cities |
| New England primer | 1st printed textbook in North America |
| Roger williams | puritan dissenter who established the colony of rhode island |
| Anne hutchinson | puritan dissenter whose followers established the colony of New Hampshire |
| antinomian | those who believed the Holy Spirit is the personal guide to salvation |
| George fox | English shoemaker who founded the quakers |
| society of friends | those who believed an "inner light" guides one down the path of salvation |
| John elliot | set up praying towns to assimilate natives |
| pequot war | English settlers vs. native Americans; puritans almost completely wiped out the pequot tribe |
| metacom/King Philips war | goal to stop puritan expansion; natives vs. puritans; natives almost wiped English existence in Mass.; started b/c English persecuted rouge natives w/o telling metacom |
| Benjamin church | leader of the New England confederation; lead troops during great swamp fight |
| halfway covenant | gave people, who didn't go through the covenant of grace, a chance for political power/ partial membership in the church |
| Salem witch trials | accusations of witchcraft that lead to the hanging of 18 people |
| indentured servants | individuals who sold their labors for a fixed number of years for passage to colonies |
| barbadosed | being kidnapped |
| middle passage | sea journey undertaken by slave ships from west Africa to West Indies |
| Anthony johnson | African American who owned land in VA; sold it due to strict slavery laws and feared loss of rights and property; owned slaves for economic reasons |
| jumping the broomstick | an action that signified marriage within slaves |
| phillis wheatley | black slave from Boston who wrote poems; one of the first African american and women to have a book published; granted freedom in 1773 |
| John Peter zenger | journalist who questioned the policies of the NY gov. in 1700's; was jailed; sues and the case was the basis for freedom of speech and press; found not guilty |
| Benjamin west | English painter became president of royal academy; symbol of art for America |
| the enlightenment | philosophical movement 1685-1815; emphasize reason and scientific method; writers focused on gov., ethics, and science; rejected traditional beliefs |
| George whitefield | minister of the Church of England; helped spread greta awakening in England |
| deism | religion of enlightenment; believed god existed, created the world but left it to run on its own; rejects calvinism; no predestination |
| John wesley | naval officer during American revolution; created the methodist church |
| Jonathan edwards | began great awakening in north Hampton Mass.; pastor who believes ones life could be saved by doing good deeds; greatest preacher in America |
| great awakening | religious revival in America history; encouraged thinking independently; people questioned tradition; unified colonies |
| John locke | English philosopher who argued for people to have natural rights |
| Thomas jefferson | 3rd president; drafted dec. of independence; made Louisiana purchase; leader in enlightenment |
| David rittenhouse | inventor; 1st director the US Mint; astronomer; constructed 1st telescope in America |
| Benjamin franklin | politician; founding father; major figure in enlightenment; discovered electricity; inventor |
| salutary neglect | 1607-1651; English policy to leave colonies alone during first half of the 1700's; changed when brits needed money to pay debt from French/indian war |
| mercantilism | system based on benefits of profitable money; countries made policies that favored money going from colonies to motherland |
| navigation act | 1651-1660; English laws that controlled goods to and from colonies; forced colonies to only trade within English empire |
| Albany plan of union | 1754 in Albany NY; 7 colonies met up to write own gov. b/c of frustrations w/ Britain; Franklin proposed plan unify colonies here |
| French/indian war | 1754-63; leads to American revolution; war in American b/c France and brits both aided by indian tribes; ends with signing treaty of Paris |
| fort dequsne | fort built by French at forks of Ohio |
| fort necessity | fort built by George Washington in Ohio valley to protect English from french |
| Edward braddock | brit. commander for French/indian war; unlikeable; defeated by French; took no advice from Washington and died in battle |
| James Wolfe | British general who conquered quebec |
| battle of quebec | British force French to surrender on plains of Abraham |
| proclamation of 1763 | oct.7 by king George lll; law forbade colonists to settle west of Appalachian mountains |
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