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Age Linguists
Studies of age graded variation
| Linguist | Investigation |
|---|---|
| Bernstein | Believed that, in terms of restricted and elaborated code, one code is not better than another; each possesses its own aesthetic, its own possibilities |
| Ives | Thinks that people speak differently depending on their age and that language use becomes more standard with age |
| Thornborrow | Believed that one of the most fundamental ways that people have of establishing their identities, and of shaping other people’s views of who we are, is through our use of language |
| Parrott | Discovered that wearing the right clothes does help form teen identities by expressing affiliation with specific groups. |
| Hockett | Introduced the term "age grading" but was developed by Labov as an individual linguistic change against a backdrop of community stability |
| Peersman | Studied "netspeak" and "chatspeak" in a Belgian online social network platform and found that age had a significant impact on use of "chatspeak", with no significant gender differences |
| Ash & Cedergren | Discovered that the frequency of incoming linguistic changes is highest among 15 to 17 year olds, but lower among 11 to 14 year olds and people in their twenties |
| Sankoff | Deduced that the difference between speech in all age groups are an extension of sociolinguistic enquiry above and beyond phonology |
| Tagliamonte & Hudson | Thought that a few low frequency items that have been commonly associated with the written code |
| Vonwiller | Found that decreasing ratios for "be like" with increasing age and a slight lag amongst the early teens is a pattern that has been shown to be typical for changes in progress |
| Duneier & Appelbaum | Believed that age grading has been conceptualised as the phenomenon whereby differential norms are considered appropriate for different age spans; individuals move collectively through formalised age grades during their life course |
| Chambers & Trudgill | Discovered that only few studies of putative age grading can support the claim that age-graded variables display a reversal of adult conservative behaviour after retirement age |
| Dailey-O’Cain | Hypothesised that attitude research on "be like" has shown that this quotative is heavily loaded with stereotypes in the U.S and that it carries strong associations, mainly with uneducated dizzy women |
| Dubois & Horvath | Found that the use of some variants decreases from the older to middle age brackets but then changes course and increases sharply amongst the youngest speakers in a Louisiana Cajun English community |
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