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C&C Unit 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| participant observation | a method of study in which anthropologists live with their subjects for a long time, participates as a group of community member, and record their observations |
| variable | a factor that has an influence on the outcome of an experiment of study |
| kinship | a family relationship based on what a culture considers to be a family |
| institutions | established laws, practices, and customs within a society |
| dysfunctional | unable to perform an intended purpose and having a destructive effect |
| operant conditioning | the psychological theory that learning can be programmed by whatever consequences follows a particular behaviour |
| self actualization | Maslow's term for the final stage of human needs, in which a person integrates the self, making the personality whole |
| enculturation | the process by which members of a culture learn and internalize shared ideas, values, and beliefs |
| assimilationist | the outdated view that racial and ethnic minorities would gradually be absorbed into the culture of the majority, through public institutions like schools |
| cognitive dissonance | the theory that people try to avoid conflicts between what they think and what they do |
| participant observation | researcher participates in the group life of subjects, anthropology |
| natural observation | researcher watches the subjects in their natural setting, anthropology & psychology |
| library research | use of documents and previous previous research, anthropology, psychology & sociology |
| questionnaire | handout with questions to determine attitudes and beliefs, sociology & psychology |
| experiments | research in a controlled setting, field or lab, may use a control group and an experimental group & psychology |
| interview | questions asked directly to one person & psychology |
| case study | in depth examination of one case, sociology & psychology |
| pavlov's classical conditioning | stimulus response training, a conditioned stimulus combined with a natural stimulus produces a conditioned/learned response, reward and/or punishment are used to modify behaviours, ex. B.F. Skinner gave rats food pellet if they pushed a bar |
| dream analysis was used by which psychologists | Sigmund Freud-the psychoanalysis theory explains how dreams represent both desires and conflicts, Carl Jung-the jungian dream theory explains how dreams reveal more than they conceal |
| 5 schools of thought in sociology | structural-functionalism, neo-marxism, symbolic interactionism, feminist theory, inclusionism |
| structural-functionalism | society works by providing members with material, social, educational and other needs |
| neo-marxism | economic power is the basis of political power and the key to understanding societies |
| symbolic interactionism | the human brain is what intervenes to interpret what we observe |
| feminist theory | most societies value systems are sexist |
| inclusionism | sociologist must look at the ethnic diversity within society by studying the experiences of all ethnic groups and rejecting the urge to judge through the eyes of majority |
| 3 schools of thought in anthropology | functionalism, structuralism, cultural materialism |
| functionalism | to understand a culture, it is necessary to investigate the social functions of institutions |
| structuralism | all cultures develop complex rules that are logical structures, based on binary opposites |
| cultural materialism | technological and economic factors are the most important in molding society |
| 3 schools of thought in psychology | psychoanalytic theory, behaviourism, learning theory |
| psychoanalytic theory | the unconscious mind can be unblocked through dream analysis, they believe the unconscious mind effects our actions, Freud & Jung |
| behaviourism | by identifying factors that motivate human behaviour, the psychologist can predict and control it, they can treat patients with problem behaviours, B.F. Skinner |
| learning theory | by controlling the way in which humans learn behaviours, society can have a greater influence on their ultimate personalities, Albert Bandura |
| social change in anthropology | invention, discovery, diffusion |
| invention | new products, ideas, and social patterns that affect the way people live ex. portable stereo |
| discovery | finding something that was previously unknown to a culture ex. light |
| diffusion | the spreading of ideas, methods, and tools from one culture to another ex. herbal remedies |
| social change in psychology | the cognitive dissonance theory |
| cognitive dissonance theory | the state of having conflicting thoughts, beliefs, or attitudes, you commonly look for cognitive consistency between beliefs ex. you smoke, but you also believe smoking causes cancer |
| social change in sociology | endogenous, exogenous |
| endogenous | influences, coming from within society itself |
| exogenous | influences, coming from another society into this one |
Created by:
syddj123
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