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Martina Brown
Government Final: Most Missed Questions
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What were the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut? | The first written constitution in the New World. |
| What is the main difference between Thomas Hobbes' ideas about Social Contract Theory versus John Locke? | The main difference is that Thomas Hobbes believed that the people must honor the unwritten Social Contract with their government - even if the government failed to protect them; Locke believed the people could break it if that happened. |
| What was the Albany Plan of Union? | This was Benjamin Franklin's proposed plan for uniting the Colonies (1754). The Colonies ended up rejecting this plan. |
| What did the Magna Carta do/ accomplish? | This limited the power of the monarch (i.e. the king or queen) so that they no longer had absolute power in government. |
| What was James Madison's main idea in his article titled Federalist No. 10? | Madison's main idea in this article was that "factions" will eventually prove dangerous to maintaining a stable government. |
| What were committees of correspondence? | These were Colonial organizations created in 1773 that urged resistance against British rule. These groups kept in touch with one another to communicate about British troop movements, etc. |
| List one (1) of the successes of the Colonial government under the Articles of Confederation? | 1.) The development of the lands west of the Appalachian Mountains; 2.) The passage of the Ordinance of 1785 (to survey and divide these lands); 3.) A peace treaty with Great Britain. |
| What was the Three - Fifths Compromise? | A compromise related to how slaves would be counted related to determining the number of representatives a state would have. Three-fifths of the enslaved people were to be counted for both tax purposes and for representation. |
| What does the term “due process of law” mean/refer to? | States that the government may not deprive citizens of "life, liberty, or property" unless the proper Constitutional procedures for trials have been followed. |
| List three (3) the six (6) major principles of the Constitution. | 1. Popular Sovereignty; 2. Federalism; 3. Separation of Powers; 4. Checks & Balances; 5. Judicial Review; 6. Limited Government. |
| What does the term federalism mean/ refer to? | This term relates to the idea that power is divided between the state and federal governments. |
| What did the Supreme Court case "Marbury vs. Madison" establish? | This case established the principal of "judicial review." |
| What did the "Supremacy Clause" establish? | This established that the laws passed by Congress and "treaties of the United States shall be the supreme law of the land." |
| What was the Supreme Court decision in the "Gibbons vs. Ogden" case? | In this case, the Supreme Court stated that states can control commerce within its boundaries, but any commerce between and among the states should be controlled by the federal government. |
| What does the term quorum mean/ refer to? | This term refers to the minimum number of members who must be present before a legislative body can take official action. |
| What is a writ of habaes corpus? | This term refers to "a court order to release a person accused of a crime to court to determine whether he or she had been legally detained". |
| Where, in the Constitution, is a description of where revenue bills originate? | This is described in Article I, Section 7 of the Constitution. |
| What are conference committees? | These are temporary committees that are set up when the House and Senate have passed different versions of the same bill. |
| What is a caucus? | This term refers to a "closed meeting". |
| What are bills of attainder? | These are laws that establish guilt and punish people without allowing them a trial. |
| How many members are there in the House of Representatives? How many members are there in the United States Senate? | 435- House 100- Senate |
| What are the 4 steps in a Supreme Court case? | 1.) Briefs are written and submitted; 2.) Oral Arguments are heard: 3.) Supreme Court Justices hold a conference to discuss the case; 4.) Opinions are written. |
| What is a writ of certiorari? | These are "orders from the Supreme Court to a lower court to send up the records on a case for review". |
| What is a per curiam opinion? | This is a "brief, unsigned statement of the Supreme Court's decision". |
| How are Supreme Court Justices chosen? | They are appointed by the President with the Senate's consent. |
| What does the term blocs mean/ refer to where the Supreme Court is concerned? | This term refers to "coalitions of justices". |
| What is an amicus curiae brief? | These are "friend of the court briefs". They are written by individuals, interest groups, or government agencies claiming to have more information about a case the Supreme Court is hearing. |
| What are concurring opinions? | These are written when one or more justice agrees with the majority but for a different reason. |
| What are two (2) of the three (3) ways that the Supreme Court can shape public policy? | 1.) Using judicial review; 2.) Interpreting the meaning of laws; 3.) Overruling or reversing previous decisions. |
| What was the Supreme Court's decision in the "Dred Scott vs. Sandford" case? | In this case, the Court decided that African Americans were not citizens and so they could not bring cases to court, that the Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional, & Congress was powerless to stop the spread of slavery. |
| What is the difference between an open primary and a closed primary? | Open Primary - These are "elections in which all voters may participate, even if they do not belong to the party, but they can vote in only one party's primary". Closed Primary - These are "elections in which only members of a political party can vote". |
| What are political action committees (PAC's)? | These organizations are established be interest groups to collect money & provide financial support to favored candidates or political parties. |
| What is the purpose of the Federal Election Commission? | The purpose of this group is to "administer federal election laws". |
| What is a cross-pressured voter? | These are voters who are caught between conflicting elements in his or her own life such as religion, income level, and peer group. |
| What does the term grandfather clause mean/ refer to? | This term refers to "the provision that only voters whose grandfathers had voted before 1867 were eligible to vote without paying a poll tax or taking a literacy test". |
| What is a party - column ballot? | These "list each party's candidates in a column under the party's name." This allows for voters to easily vote for all candidates from a particular political party at once. |
| What did the Voting Rights Act of 1965 do/ provide for? | This law "empowered the federal government to register voters in any district where less than 50 percent of African American adults were on the voting lists." The gov. could also where it appeared that discrimination was occurring. |
| Why do many large cities prefer council-manager form of municipal government? | Political experts believe it leads to better management & responsible government because executive & legislative powers are clearly separated, making it easy for votes to assign praise or blame. |
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martinabrown7
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