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3. Territorial Expa
Review Vocabulary from Passing the South Carolina End of Course Exam for United
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Northwest Ordinance | divided the Northwest Territory into smaller territories in 1787 and established guidelines under which new territories could be admitted to the Union as states. |
| Louisiana Purchase | land acquisition made under President Thomas Jefferson that was the United States’ largest land purchase, roughly doubling the country’s size. |
| War of 1812 | War fought against Great Britain in response to British impressment of US sailors and Native American resistance to US settlement that many in the West saw as being encouraged by the British. |
| Andrew Jackson | military hero of the War of 1812 and eventually the president who would sanction the removal of the Cherokee people from the southeastern United States. |
| Battle of New Orleans | victory won by Andrew Jackson at the end of the War of 1812; it was actually fought after a treaty had been signed but before it had been ratified. |
| Monroe Doctrine | US would not tolerate European intervention in the affairs of any nation in the Americas. Intended to stop further colonization of the Americas by European nations. Also stated that the US would not interfere in the internal affairs of other nations. |
| Manifest Destiny | the belief that it was God’s sovereign will for the US to expand and possess territory all the way to the Pacific Ocean. |
| Missouri Compromise | meant to balance power between slave and free states. Missouri = slave state ; Maine = free state. Southern boundary of Missouri would be the dividing line for any new states admitted to the Union. North of line = free, south = slave states |
| Annexation of Texas | Controversial addition of Texas to the Union after it gained independence from Mexico. Northern states did not want Texas to be a slave territory. Approved by Congress before James K. Polk became president. |
| Oregon Territory | Territory claimed by both Great Britain and the US. Many settlers moved there in search of gold and other rich resources that the land offered. |
| Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo | treaty ending the US war with Mexico which required Mexico to surrender New Mexico and California in exchange for financial compensation. |
| Gadsden Purchase | purchase negotiated by James Gadsden at the direction of President Franklin Pierce that gave the United States parts of present–day New Mexico and Arizona in exchange for $10 million. |
| Compromise of 1850 | compromise that allowed California to be admitted as a slave state, instituted popular sovereignty in the Utah and New Mexico territories and established the Fugitive Slave Law. |
| Cherokee | tribe that lived in parts of the Carolinas and Georgia, adapted to white, helped Andrew Jackson during the War of 1812. They were eventually forced to relocate to Oklahoma under the Indian Removal Act. Many Cherokee people died during the journey. |
| “Trail of Tears” | journey of Cherokee people who were forced by Indian Removal Act to move from their homes in the Carolinas & GA west to reservations in Ok. Over 1/4 of the Cherokee people died from disease, starvation and exposure to the bitter cold along the way. |
| Cotton Gin | a machine that separated seeds from cotton. The gin made cotton the most profitable crop in the South and resulted in the region becoming known as a “cotton kingdom”. |
| Sectionalism | differences that arise between different regions of the country economically, culturally, politically, etc |
| Plantation System | system in which plantations and agriculture relying heavily on slavery are the basis for a region’s economy. |
| Factory System | system that relies on manufacturing and factory mass production for economic survival |
| Tariffs | taxes imposed on imported products |
| Henry Clay’s American System | attempt to unite the nation/ make it more independent. Tariffs protect manufacturing; better roads and canals; and a strong national bank. Supported by Northerners (benefitted businesses) Opposed by Southerners who imported more goods. |
| Jacksonian Democracy | Jackson’s brand of politics and the changes; strong belief in western expansion; rights of white frontier settlers. featured universal suffrage, the spoils system, laissez-faire economics, Indian removal, and a strict interpretation of the Constitution. |
| Universal Suffrage | belief that all men should be free to vote, not just a select group. Initially discussed by Jackson who wanted to extend the vote to all white males, not just property owners. |
| Second National Bank | opposed by President Jackson because it favored big business over poorer Americans. |
| Temperance Movement | reform movement that initially promoted the moderation of alcohol use and eventually called for total abstinence. |
| Abolitionist Movement | reform movement to end slavery throughout the US |
| Women’s Rights Movement | reform movement advocating the rights of women that arose in the mid -1800s. |
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