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Unit 3 Vocabulary
U.S. History
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Alexander Hamilton | Federalist; Founding Father that was one of the three men that wrote the Federalist Papers. First Secretary of the Treasury |
| George Washington | First president of the United States; set many precedents while in office (example: 2 term limit) |
| John Adams | Second President; supported the Alien & Sedition Acts; Federalist |
| Political Parties | George Washington warned against these in his farewell address. sectionalism would divide the country. |
| States' Rights | The concept that states have the right to nullify (cancel) federal laws with which they disagree |
| Whiskey Rebellion | farmers in Pennsylvania attacked tax collectors; President Washington led a militia to put the rebellion down; confirms the president's constitutional right to uphold the law |
| Erie Canal | Man-made river connecting Great Lakes and growing markets of the Appalachian Mountains to Hudson River (New York) & greatly reduced the price of transporting goods. MANIFEST DESTINY |
| Lewis and Clark | two men were sent by President Jefferson to map the Louisiana Purchase and were guided by Sacagawea- From St Louis to Oregon. |
| Louisiana Purchase | President Jefferson bought land from France; nearly doubled size of United States- Goes against Jefferson's beliefs that it must be written in the Constitution to do it. |
| Monroe Doctrine | President Monroe’s policy: keep Europe out of independent American countries & the U.S. will stay out of European affairs; made America the protector of the Western Hemisphere |
| New York City | Became great economic center & leading city in N. America after the Erie Canal was built |
| Northwest Ordinance | Banned slavery in Northwest Territory, allowed the Westward migration in America, and set up requirements for admission of new states |
| War of 1812 | The violation of U.S. neutrality on the high seas, impressment of our sailors, and failure of British to leave the forts in the Northwest Territory forced the U.S. to protect its national honor by going declaring war with Britain |
| Abolitionism | Movement to end slavery |
| American Nationalism | Motivation to strengthen and promote the U.S. by focusing on internal improvements |
| Cotton Gin | Invention which sped up processing cotton; led to increased demand for slaves causing the US to be the World's leader in growing cotton. (75%) |
| Eli Whitney | Inventor of the cotton gin & interchangeable parts |
| Elizabeth Cady Stanton | Women’s rights activist; helped plan Seneca Falls Convention |
| Industrial Revolution | Growth of manufacturing; change from man made products to machine production of goods |
| Public School Reform | Pushed because reformers believed all children needed to receive an education in order for democracy to be effective; in favor of tax supported schools- Horace Mann |
| Jacksonian Democracy | Political philosophy which sought: stronger presidency, weaker Congress; rights for “common man;” spoils system; Manifest Destiny |
| Manifest Destiny | Belief that the U.S. had the God-given right and duty to spread westward to the Pacific Ocean |
| Seneca Falls Convention | First women’s rights conference; held in Seneca Falls, NY- Declaration of Sentiments -modeled after the DOI |
| Women's Suffrage | The right to vote for women gained in 1920 |
| Nullification Crisis | South Carolina wanted to nullify (cancel) a tariff passed by the federal government; threatened to secede |
| Indian Removal Act of 1830 | forced thousands of American Indians to leave their homelands and re-settle west of the Mississippi River |
| Henry Clay | a Whig who supported the idea of American Nationalism; came up with the American System plan to promote economic growth |
| Compromise of 1850 | Compromise on what to do with territory gained in the Mexican-American War: California a free state, Utah and New Mexico use popular sovereignty to decide on slavery; Fugitive Slave Law; no slave trade in DC |
| Frederick Douglas | Former slave & abolitionist- Knew had to read and write and was able to escape to freedom using these skills. Owned his own newspaper - The North Star |
| John C. Calhoun | Vice-president who resigned during the Nullification Crisis to support his home state of South Carolina; champion of states' rights |
| Mexican- American War | War fought over territory—U.S. gained a large piece of land from Mexico |
| Missouri Compromise 1820 | Determined that the dividing line between slavery/free territory would be the 36’30 latitude line; Missouri was a slave state & Maine a free state |
| Nat Turner's Rebellion | Slave rebellion in VA; led to stronger Virginia slave codes |
| Sectionalism | Distinct social and economic differences between the North and South; led to conflicts (Civil War) |
| The Grimke Sisters | Abolitionists; white sisters who grew up on a Southern plantation which was owned by their father- preached about the evils of slavery |
| William Lloyd Garrison | Abolitionist; published newspaper (The Liberator) & advocated for immediate emancipation of all slaves |
| Wilmot Proviso | Bill which would have prohibited slavery in all territory won during the Mexican-American War; did not pass |
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karenbarajas
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