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A.History q2 (17-29)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| England was Protestant, Bible was freely available, seeds of the English Reformation | reasons why it was God's perfect timing for the English to come to America |
| John Wycliffe | planted the seeds of the English Reformation translated the entire Bible into English Morning Star of the Reformation |
| William Tyndale | gave England the first printed English Bible |
| Henry VIII | broke England's ties with the Roman church and made himself the head of England's official church |
| Queen Elizabeth I | under whom England had access to the Bible in English like never before; stability and relative prosperity |
| Bible | all of the ideas about morality, justice, individual responsibility, and freedom that have made America great came from what |
| limited representative government | type of government England had been developing for centuries |
| Magna Carta | helped prepare England for limited government |
| King John | signed the Magna Carta |
| Parliament | paved the way for more representative government in England; |
| John Cabot | first explorer of the Modern Ages to set foot on the mainland of North America |
| 1497 | Year Cabot came to North America |
| New-found-land | England's first and only solid claim to territory in the New World (discovered by Cabot) |
| Sir Martis Frobisher | explorer sent by Queen Elizabeth to find the Northwest Passage |
| Northwest Passage | supposed water route through North America from the Atlantic to the Pacific |
| Sir Francis Drake | first Englishman to sail around the world |
| Golden Hind | Sir Francis Drake's ship |
| Nova Albion | New England; discovered by Drake |
| desire for religious, political, and economic freedom | main reason for the English to emigrate to America |
| Dissenters | those who opposed the official Church of England |
| Anglican Church | Church of England |
| Catholics and Puritans | two largest groups of dissenters |
| Separatists | withdrew and formed their own churches |
| divine right of kings | says that absolute monarchy is the only form of government sanctioned by God, so monarchs have absolute authority of all matters |
| inflation, shortage of land, unemployment | main reasons why the English wanted economic freedom |
| inflation | amount of capital (wealth) in circulation increased, driving the price of goods ever higher |
| Enclosure Movement | landholders began to evict tenant farmers and enclose their fields with fences or hedges in order to raise sheep, leaving thousands of peasant farmers without land to farm or a place to live |
| sovereigns, businessmen, settlers | 3 main groups of Englishmen who sought to colonize the New World |
| sovereigns | wanted to colonize America in order to bring wealth, honor, and prestige to their homeland |
| businessmen | wanted to colonize America in order to make a profit and better themselves as well as others; saw it as a chance to benefit their entire nation |
| settlers | went to America because of the lure of adventure and financial gain, but mostly because of their desire for freedom |
| Sir Humphrey Gilbert, Sir Walter Raleigh | both tried to go to America, but were forced back by bad weather |
| Sir Humphrey Gilbert | sailed to Newfoundland five years after being forced back; died in a storm on the way back |
| Virginia | territory Raleigh claimed |
| John White | sent, along with about 100 settlers, to Chesapeake Bay (sent by Raleigh) |
| Roanoke | where White and the settlers stayed instead of Chesapeake Bay the entire colony vanished |
| Croatoan | word left behind in Roanoke |
| Virginia Dare | first English child born in the present-day United States White's granddaughter |
| joint-stock company | several businessmen invest stock in a single company to support a colonizing venture |
| London Company | settled southern Virginia |
| Plymouth Company | settled northern Virginia |
| Jamestown | first permanent English settlement in the New World |
| 1607 | Jamestown founded |
| low lying land infested with malaria the river water was contaminated the colonists were too lazy/too proud to work | 3 problems with Jamestown |
| common-store system | Jamestown's biggest problem |
| Communism | the common-store system was an early form of what government? |
| Captain John Smith | saved Jamestown from destruction any who would not work should not eat |
| starving time | settlers ate dogs, horses, rats, mice; Captain Smith was back in England bc of an injury |
| John Rolfe | one of the most famous Virginian settlers; married an Indian princess |
| Pocahontas | Indian princess John Rolfe married |
| Powhatan | Indian chieftan (Pocahontas' father) |
| tobacco | major crop grown by the colonists (after the American Indians taught them how to) |
| indentured servants | one whose passage to America was paid by an established colonist; in return, the servant worked for his benefactor without pay for an agreed-upon period of time (4-7 yrs) |
| private enterprise (capitalism) | Adopted when the leaders of Jamestown gave each man a parcel of land on which he could produce his own food |
| The first boatload of women arrived in Jamestown Beginning of the slave trade in British North America House of Burgesses established | 3 things that happened in 1619 |
| royal colony | A colony owned and controlled directly by the king and administered by his royal governor |
| precedents | Happenings that serve as examples to be followed in the future |
| House of Burgesses | Important example for representative government in early America; Advisory body to the governor of the colony |
| burgesses | Delegates from the various districts of Virginia sent to a representative assembly in Jamestown |
| Governor Berkeley | Refused to protect the settlers from the Indians |
| Nathaniel Bacon | Went again the governor’s wishes by pursuing the Indians and marching on Jamestown and burning it to the ground |
| Council for New England | Name of the Plymouth company when it re-organized and 1620 after trying to settle Maine |
| James I | Opposed the religious freedom because he believed that those who questioned his religious authority were also questioning his political authority |
| congregationalism | The theory of church government which says that every body of believers should be independent and self governing |
| Pastor John Robinson | Pastor of a group of separatists in Scrooby, England; |
| Leyden | Where Robinson led the separatists to find religious freedom and economic success |
| 1)They didn’t want their children exposed to the Worldliness of dutch Society 2) they were concerned that their children could not get a proper education 3) they wanted their children to grow up as proud Englishman not as Dutchman | 3 reasons the Separatists wanted to leave Holland |
| Pilgrims | The courageous people who left all to build a new life in the north American wilderness and to evangelize the native inhabitants |
| Sir Edwin Sandys | Helped the pilgrims secure a patent from the London company to settle within its Virginia territory |
| Adventurers | Agreed to finance the expedition in exchange for a share in the pilgrim’s profit during the first seven years |
| Speedwell | The Dutch ship that was supposed to carry some of the Leyden congregation to the New World before it sprung two leaks and was abandoned |
| Mayflower | English ship that carried the strangers and separatists to the New World |
| Strangers | Non-separatists on the mayflower |
| Cape Cod | Where the pilgrims ended up landing due to a storm knocking them off course |
| Mayflower Compact | 41 men gathered in the cabin of the mayflower to sign this; it expressed that the people were willing to show due submission to just and equal laws etc. |
| New Plymouth | Where the pilgrims finally stepped ashore in the New World |
| 1620 | Year the Pilgrims landed in Plymouth |
| Squanto | Indian to knew English and guided and interpreted for the English and taught them how to hunt fish and plant crops |
| William Brewster | The pastor of the pilgrims |
| John Carver | The pilgrims’ first governor |
| William Bradford | Governor of Plymouth; Wrote a history book; governor for 30 years |
| History of Plymouth Plantation | First American history book; written by William Bradford |
| free enterprise | Established when Governor Bradford divided the land among the colonists and made each family responsible for themselves |
| self-governing colony | What Plymouth remained until 1691 |
| General Court | Met periodically to pass laws, carry out provisions of the law, and judge cases and controversies arising under the law |
| representative democracy | Plymouth switched from a direct democracy to this when population growth made the first impractical |
| deputies | Elected by the freeman of each town to represent them in the general court |
| churches | In its early years, Plymouth had no established what |
| Miles Standish | Non-separatist Who served as commander in chief of the pilgrims’ military defense force |
| John Alden | Non-separatist who held various political offices in the colony |
| Priscilla Alden | John Alden’s wife |
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tatianaprince
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