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Unit 4 Vocabulary
U.S. History
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Abraham Lincoln | 16th president - President during the Civil War |
| Battle of Atlanta | Union destroyed railroad and manufacturing center of the South; essentially marked end of war |
| Battle of Antietam | first battle fought on Northern soil (Maryland); bloodiest day of war |
| Battle of Gettysburg | fought in Pennsylvania; Union victory; considered a turning point in the war; deadliest battle of the war |
| Dred Scott Decision | African- Americans (even free) could not be U.S. citizens; slaves could not 'earn" freedom by traveling to free states |
| Emancipation Proclamation | issued by Abraham Lincoln; declared all slaves living in Confederate states to be free |
| Fort Sumter | in South Carolina; scene of the first battle of Civil War |
| Habeas Corpus | right of those arrested to be charged/brought before a judge; suspended during war with Lincoln |
| Jefferson Davis | President of the Confederacy |
| John Brown | abolitionist; led raid on armory at Harper's Ferry, Virginia |
| Kansas- Nebraska Act | determined new territories/states would use popular sovereignty to decide slavery issue; led to Bleeding Kansas |
| Lincoln's Second Inaugural Address | Lincoln made clear that slavery would be abolished after the war; urged Northerners not to take revenge on the South |
| Popular Sovereignty | people vote to decide an issue (used for slavery/freedom during this time) |
| Robert E. Lee | head general of the Confederate army; offered surrender at end of the war |
| Siege of Vicksburg | Union victory; allowed them to gain control of traffic on the Mississippi River and cut off Confederates in the west; turning point |
| Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson | Confederate general; brilliant tactician who died in battle |
| Ulysses S. Grant | head general of the Union army; accepted Lee's surrender |
| William Tecumseh Sherman | Union general; led Battle of Atlanta and subsequent March to the Sea |
| 1876 Presidential Election | between Democrat Tilden and Republican Hayes; Hayes' controversial victory effectively ended Reconstruction |
| Andrew Johnson's Impeachment | Republican president was at odds with Radical Republican Congress; House voted to impeach but Senate aquitted |
| Black Codes | laws passed in the South; restricted the rights of African- Americans |
| Compromise of 1877 | after Hayes' controversial victory; he agreed to end Reconstruction in exchange for winning the election |
| 13th amendment | amendment that ended involuntary servitude of slavery |
| 14th amendment | granted citizenship to every male person born in the U,S, or of U.S. citizens |
| 15th amendment | granted voting rights to all male citizens of the U.S. |
| Freedman's Bureau | government organization; meant to assist former slaves in gaining education, jobs, legal rights, etc. |
| Ku Klux Klan | group of former Confederate soldiers/supporters; formed with the intent of disenfranchising black voters |
| Morehouse College | black college opened in Atlanta; taught ministers and teachers |
| Presidential Reconstruction | favored by Lincoln and Johnson; wanted to reunify the country quickly and did not seek to punish the South |
| Radical Reconstruction | favored by Ulysses S. Grant and Congress; wanted to punish the South for seceding and sought to protect the rights of Black citizens |
| Union | United States of America; the North |
| Confederacy | Confederate states of America; the South |
| Gettysburg Address | given by Lincoln while dedicating battlefield to fallen soldiers; short speech which improved morale and Northerners |
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