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Honors World History
Final Exam (2018-2019)
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| indulgence | a pardon releasing a person from punishments due for a sin. |
| Reformation | a 16th-century movement for religious reform, leading to the founding of Christian churches that rejected the pope's authority. |
| Lutheran | a member of a Protestant church founded on the teachings of Martin Luther. |
| Protestant | a member of a Christian church founded on the principles of the Reformation. |
| Peace of Augsburg | a 1555 agreement declaring that the religion of each German state would be decided by its ruler. |
| annul | to cancel or set aside |
| Anglican | relating to the Church of England. |
| predestination | the doctrine that God has decided all things beforehand, including which people will be eternally saved. |
| Calvinism | a body of religious teachings based on the ideas of the reformer John Calvin. |
| theocracy | a government controlled by religious leaders. |
| Presbyterian | a member of a Protestant church governed by presbyters (elders) and founded on the teachings of John Knox. |
| Anabaptist | in the Reformation, a member of a Protestant group that believed in baptizing only those persons who were old enough to decide to be Christian and believed in the separation of church and state. |
| Catholic Reformation | a 16th-century movement in which the Roman Catholic Church sought to make changes in response to the Protestant Reformation. |
| Jesuits | members of the Society of Jesus, a Roman Catholic religious order founded by Ignatius of Loyola. |
| Council of Trent | a meeting of Roman Catholic leaders, called by Pope Paul III to rule on doctrines criticized by Protestant reformers. |
| ghazi | a warrior for Islam |
| sultan | "overlord," or "one with power;" title for Ottoman rulers during the rise of the Ottoman Empire. |
| Timur the Lame | a rebellious warrior and conqueror from Samarkand in Central Asia who was injured by an arrow in the leg and briefly interrupted the rise of the Ottoman Empire in the early 1400s. |
| devshirme | in the Ottoman Empire, the policy of taking boys from conquered Christian peoples to be trained as Muslim soldiers. |
| janissary | a member of an elite force of soldiers in the Ottoman Empire. |
| Safavid | a member of a Shi'a Muslim dynasty that built an empire in Persia in the 16th-18th centuries. |
| shah | ancient Persian title for "king." |
| Shah Abbas | (Abbas the Great) took the throne in 1587 and helped to create a Safavid culture and golden age that drew from the best of the Ottoman, Persian, and Arab worlds. |
| Mughal | one of the nomads who invaded the Indian subcontinent in the 16th century and established a powerful empire there. |
| Sikh | a member of a nonviolent religious group whose beliefs blend elements of Buddhism, Hinduism, and Sufism. |
| Taj Mahal | a beautiful tomb in Agra, India, built by the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan for his wife Mumtaz Mahal. |
| Treaty of Tordesillas | a agreement between Portugal and Spain, declaring that newly discovered lands to the west of an imaginary line in the Atlantic Ocean would belong to Spain and newly discovered lands to the east of the line would belong to Portugal. |
| Dutch East India Company | a company founded by the Dutch in the early 17thy century to establish and direct trade throughout Asia. |
| daimyo | a Japanese feudal lord who commanded a private army of samurai. |
| haiku | a Japanese form of poetry, consisting of three unrhymed lines of five, seven, and five syllables. |
| kabuki | a type of Japanese drama in which music, dance, and mime are used to present stories. |
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