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SS Chapter 5C Yes
practice
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Most literature, art, and architecture during the Colonial period and in the early 19th‑century United States was based on A) American Indian values B) African cultures C) Oriental cultures D) European traditions | D - European traditions |
| 2) What was the United States' main export in the early 1800s? A) manufactured goods B) munitions and weapons C) scientific inventions D) raw materials | raw materials |
| Which region of the United States was known for industry and manufacturing in the mid‑1800s? A) New England B) Middle Atlantic C) Western Frontier D) Pacific Coast | New England |
| n the early 1800s, where did many teenage girls and young women find employment? A) in textile mills B) in coal mines C) selling newspapers D) in the governmen | in textile mills |
| According to the graph, when did economic conditions in the United States begin to improve most rapidly? A) 1810 B) 1840 C) 1850 D) 1830 | 1850 |
| According to the chart, the population of what frontier area increased by the greatest number between 1800 and 1840? A) Indiana B) Ohio C) Illinois | Ohio |
| 7) Which of these states had the greatest percentage of people emigrate from the Netherlands? A) Massachusetts B) Connecticut C) New York D) Pennsylvania | New York |
| 8) Which of these states had the greatest percentage of people emigrate from Germany? A) Connecticut B) Pennsylvania C) New York D) Massachusetts | Pennsylvania |
| 9) Which of these states had the greatest percentage of people emigrate from Ireland? A) Pennsylvania B) New York C) Connecticut D) Massachusetts | Massachusetts |
| 10) From which country did the majority of the people in these four states emigrate? A) British Isles B) Germany C) Netherland D) Ireland | British Isles |
| What do the pie charts reveal about the number of non-farmworkers compared to the number of farmworkers in 1830? A) Approximately two out of three workers were non-farmworkers. B) Approximately one out of three workers were farmworkers. C) Approximately one-half of the workers were farmworkers. D) Approximately one out of three workers were non-farmworkers. | Approximately one out of three workers were non-farmworkers. |
| 12) What was the occupation of the majority of free people in the pre-Civil War Southern states? A) factory workers B) small farmers C) plantation owners D) railroad construction | small farmers |
| 13) Why were many Americans opposed to the development of industry and the growth of cities in the early 1800s? A) They opposed the use of slaves in the factories. B) They felt American standards were based in agriculture. C) The were afraid of increased pollution in heavily populated cities. D) They preferred buying goods made in Britain. | They felt American standards were based in agriculture. |
| 14) What group of Americans first sought westward expansion? A) industrialists B) merchants C) farmers D) bankers | farmers |
| 15) What economic effect did the inventions of John Deere and Cyrus McCormick have during the mid-1800s? A) Farmers could plant and harvest many more acres of land with less manual labor. B) Factories became safer and produced more products. C) Canals were no longer necessary to transport farm produce. D) More Americans left city life to make their fortunes farming. | Farmers could plant and harvest many more acres of land with less manual labor. |
| 16) What resulted from the development of improved farm equipment in the 1840s? A) Fewer crops were harvested by more farm workers. B) Farmers began to lose money. C) Thousands of people left farms to find work in cities. D) Not enough food was produced to meet the increased demand. | Thousands of people left farms to find work in cities. |
| 17) Why were fewer farmhands and migrant laborers working on farms in the mid‑1800s? A) Cities were healthier and safer places to live. B) Terrible droughts and pest infestations destroyed crops. C) There was decreased demand for agricultural products. D) Machines were used to do more of the farm work. | Machines were used to do more of the farm work. |
| 18) What transport system was built as a series of logs placed side-by-side? A) railroads B) plank roads C) corduroy roads D) steamboats | corduroy roads |
| 19) What encouraged the improvements in Western transportation during the early 1800s? A) developing industries near the Great Lakes B) immigration to large cities C) increased numbers of people were moving westward D) poor condition of roads and canals | increased numbers of people were moving westward |
| 20) Immediately after the American Revolution, it was difficult to expand manufacturing because Americans did not have A) enough money and machines B) any craftsmen C) ships for international trade D) natural resources | enough money and machines |
| 21) During which time period did machine-made products begin to replace handmade goods? A) Industrial Revolution B) Agricultural Revolution C) Commercial Revolution D) Era of Good Feeling | Industrial Revolution |
| 22) During the early 1800s, what "revolution" changed the way goods were manufactured? A) Glorious Revolution B) Agricultural Revolution C) Commercial Revolution D) Industrial Revolution | Industrial Revolution |
| 23) During the 1800s, one result of the changes in technology was that A) the use of child labor decreased B) machinery was used to produce more goods C) skilled craftsmen sold more goods than factories produced D) more goods were produced by small family businesses | machinery was used to produce more goods |
| 24) What term best describes the placement of workers and machines in a single location to make a product? A) trade embargo B) factory system C) American System D) Commercial Revolution | factory system |
| 25) Who established the factory system in America? A) Henry Ford B) Samuel Slater C) Cyrus McCormick D) James Ritty | Samuel Slater |
| 26) Who was responsible for building the first American factory? A) Samuel Slater B) Cyrus McCormick C) Samuel F.B. Morse D) Elias Howe | Samuel Slater |
| 27) Who built the first cotton mill in the United States? A) John Sutter B) Samuel Slater C) Francis Lowell D) Elias Howe | Samuel Slater |
| 28) Why did factories first develop in the New England colonies? A) They were close to coal mines. B) They had a well-developed system of canals. C) They had an abundance of natural resources. D) They had an abundance of water power. | They had an abundance of water power. |
| 29) Why was the development of steam power important? A) Manufacturers were able to benefit from the power generated by waterwheels. B) Factories needed fewer workers. C) It made machines safer to operate. D) Factories could be built and operated from any location. | Factories could be built and operated from any location. |
| 30) What was a benefit of steam-driven machines for Northern factory owners? A) They produced more inexpensive goods at a faster rate. B) They were able to sell their goods at a higher price. C) Factories became less dependent on Southern products. D) Factories needed fewer workers. | They produced more inexpensive goods at a faster rate. |
| 31) During the Industrial Revolution, in what industry was the use of machines first actively applied? A) oil drilling B) agricultural C) textile (cloth) D) commercial shipping | textile (cloth) |
| 32) How did cities change during the Industrial Revolution? A) Cities became safer places to live than rural areas. B) New cities were built farther away from ocean ports. C) Factories became the central focus of cities. D) Cities became cleaner and sanitation improved. | Factories became the central focus of cities. |
| What term best describes the money that is invested in businesses for start up or improvements? A) interest B) capital C) profit D) dividends | capital |
| What harmed American industries in the early 1800s? A) undercutting of product prices by foreign countries B) enacting a protective tariff C) improvements in roads and canals D) creating a Bank of the United States | undercutting of product prices by foreign countries |
| What method did the British use to force American factories out of business in the early 1800s? A) price controls B) embargoes C) dumping D) boycotts | dumping |
| 36) What was a main purpose for the United States to pass a protective tariff? A) to improve the quality of imported goods B) to raise the price of foreign goods coming into the United States C) to lower the price of foreign goods coming into the United States D) to raise the export tax on goods leaving the United States | to raise the price of foreign goods coming into the United States |
| 37) What did American factory owners demand of the government in the early 1800s? A) a declaration of war on both England and France B) lowering of prices on European goods C) protective tariffs on European goods D) closure of United States ports to European shipping | protective tariffs on European goods |
| 38) Which one of the following regions of United States was often opposed to protective tariffs in the early 1800s? A) New England B) Frontier C) Middle Atlantic D) Southern | Southern |
| 39) What was Henry Clay's opinion on tariffs? A) tariffs would hurt industry in New England B) all tariffs were unacceptable C) keep tariffs low to protect Americans D) keep tariffs high to protect Americans | keep tariffs high to protect Americans |
| 40) Who invented the cotton gin? A) Eli Whitney B) Cyrus McCormick C) Elias Howe D) John Deere | Eli Whitney |
| 41) With what invention did Eli Whitney hope would ease the burdens of slavery? A) cotton gin B) harvester C) power loom D) sewing machine | cotton gin |
| What invention of Eli Whitney helped the cloth industry? A) reaper B) cotton gin C) steel plow D) sewing machine | cotton gin |
| What affect did the invention of the cotton gin and the steamboat have in the United States? A) increased economic output throughout the nation B) reduced economic conflict between the North and the South C) resulted in high tariffs on manufactured European goods D) improved communication throughout the nation | increased economic output throughout the nation |
| 44) What increased the number of slaves brought to the United States after 1793? A) the annexation of Florida and Texas B) the invention of the cotton gin C) more labor was needed to build canals D) many new immigrant brought slaves with them | the invention of the cotton gin |
| 45) Which of these contributed to the expansion of slavery in the United States? A) spinning jenny B) water power C) cotton gin D) railroads | cotton gin |
| How did the cotton gin make growing cotton more profitable? A) It allowed cotton to be picked faster. B) It improved the quality of the soil. C) It made the cotton fibers stronger. D) It increased the speed of cleaning cotton. | It increased the speed of cleaning cotton. |
| What inventor introduced the idea of interchangeable parts in the manufacture of guns? A) Elias Howe B) Samuel Slater C) James Hargreaves D) Eli Whitney | Eli Whitney |
| Which one of the following allowed Eli Whitney to mass produce muskets? A) women in the workforce B) machines powered by electricity C) interchangeable parts D) immigrant labor | interchangeable parts |
| What made it possible for factories to produce goods more quickly and cheaply in early American industrial history? A) power loom B) interchangeable parts C) spinning jenny D) reaper | interchangeable parts |
| 50) What was the most direct result of the use of interchangeable parts in industry? A) an increase in the number of hours needed to make a product B) massive unemployment among unskilled workers C) a decrease in the number of profitable large businesses D) an increase in the amount of goods produced | an increase in the amount of goods produced |
| 51) Who invented the sewing machine? A) Thomas Edison B) Eli Whitney C) Alexander Graham Bell D) Elias Howe | Elias Howe |
| 52) Which inventor created the sewing machine which became one of the most time saving inventions of the early 19th century? A) Eli Whitney B) Elias Howe C) Samuel F.B. Morse D) Cyrus McCormick | Elias Howe |
| 53) Who was the inventor of the spinning jenny? A) James Hargreaves B) DeWitt Clinton C) Cyrus McCormick D) Elias Howe | James Hargreaves |
| 54) What did James Hargreaves invent? A) cotton gin B) power loom C) spinning jenny D) flying shuttle | spinning jenny |
| Who invented the first lightweight steel plow? A) John Deere B) Elias Howe C) Robert Fulton D) Cyrus McCormick | John Deere |
| Who invented the mechanical reaper? A) Eli Whitney B) John Deere C) Cyrus McCormick D) Thomas Edison | Cyrus McCormick |
| What machine was invented by Cyrus McCormick in 1834 that enabled farmers to harvest fields of grain? A) thresher B) iron plow C) reaper D) combine | reaper |
| 58) Who invented the telegraph? A) Robert Fulton B) Samuel F.B. Morse C) Alexander Graham Bell D) Thomas Edison | Samuel F.B. Morse |
| 59) Who helped advance the field of communications with his perfection of the telegraph? A) Cyrus McCormick B) Eli Whitney C) Elias Howe D) Samuel F.B. Morse | Samuel F.B. Morse |
| 60) What invention by Samuel F.B. Morse improved communication? A) telephone B) telegraph C) television D) radio | telegraph |
| Which "big business" leader created the New York Central Railroad? A) J.P. Morgan B) Glenn Curtiss C) Edward H. Harriman D) Cornelius Vanderbilt | Cornelius Vanderbilt |
| Who was a free black who invented a sugar-making machine? A) Nat Turner B) Harriet Tubman C) Norbert Rillieux D) George Washington Carver | Norbert Rillieux |
| Who invented the steam engine? A) James Watt B) Elias Howe C) Cyrus McCormick D) Thaddeus Lowe | James Watt |
| Who invented the locomotive? A) Peter Cooper B) George Westinghouse C) George Pullman D) Henry Bessemer | Peter Cooper |
| 65) Before 1900, how did the United States government help promote both agricultural and industrial growth? A) providing all the needed capital for investment B) encouraging labor unions to form C) by building canals, roads, and railroads D) promoting conservation of natural resources | by building canals, roads, and railroads |
| As a federal project, the National Road was financed by A) Bank of the United States B) taxation C) several state banks D) private investors | taxation |
| In the early 1800s, which highway was built to connect Vandalia, Illinois to Cumberland, Maryland? A) Mohawk-Seneca Turnpike B) National Road C) Alcan Highway D) Lincoln Highway | National Road |
| 68) What was an effect of the Transportation Revolution? A) The American economic growth slowed. B) The need for new road systems decreased. C) America became more dependent on agricultural production. D) It linked the regions of the United States together. | It linked the regions of the United States together. |
| 69) What was unique about turnpikes in the 1800s? A) cement paving B) government ownership C) log construction D) tolls or fees | tolls or fees |
| 70) What marvel in transportation was known for its tall masts and huge canvas sails? A) paddleboats B) steam boats C) clipper ships D) canal barges | clipper ships |
| How did the use of clipper ships improve the American economy? A) They moved cargo faster than many other means of transportation. B) They carried larger amounts of cargo than other forms of transportation. C) They used less fuel than other ships or canal barges. D) They were less costly than railroads. | They moved cargo faster than many other means of transportation. |
| Why were clipper ships only briefly used in American transportation history? A) Steamships quickly replaced them. B) Clipper ships were too dangerous. C) Clipper ships were too slow. D) Clipper ships could not carry large cargoes. | Steamships quickly replaced them. |
| 73) Who tested his steamboat, the Clermont, on the Hudson River? A) Benjamin Franklin B) Robert Fulton C) Samuel Slater D) Cyrus McCormick | Robert Fulton |
| 74) Which one of the following people directed the building of the Erie Canal? A) John C. Calhoun B) Martin Van Buren C) Andrew Jackson D) Dewitt Clinton | Dewitt Clinton |
| 75) What was an important effect of the Erie Canal? A) Western farmers could ship their products at a lower cost to Eastern cities. B) The building of railroads was further delayed due to lack of available laborers. C) Freight rates rose to new, higher levels. D) The population of New York City moved to new locations around the canal system. | Western farmers could ship their products at a lower cost to Eastern cities. |
| 76) The Erie Canal was important to the commerce of the United States in that it A) transported labor forces to and from Southern plantations B) opened trade routes as far west as the Mississippi River Valley C) reinforced the railroad's monopoly on the transportation of goods D) extended trade routes to the Pacific | opened trade routes as far west as the Mississippi River Valley |
| 77) What regions were connected by the Erie Canal? A) Hudson River to the Mohawk River B) Lake Erie to Lake Ontario C) Mississippi River to the Great Lakes D) Lake Erie to New York City | Lake Erie to New York City |
| 78) How did the growth of railroads cause a decrease in farming in New England? A) Cheaper Western goods could reach the East by railroads. B) Most New Englanders abandoned their farms and moved to the cities. C) Pollution from the railroads destroyed farm crops. D) Available farmland was seized to build the railroad. | Cheaper Western goods could reach the East by railroads. |
| Workers who knew a trade, such as tailoring or carpentry, were called A) nativists B) migrant workers C) skilled workers D) day laborers | skilled workers |
| 80) What labor condition was common during the early Industrial Revolution? A) Most workers were members of labor unions. B) Women were not permitted to work in factories. C) Workers received low wages and worked long hours. D) Collective bargaining was used to settle labor disputes. | Workers received low wages and worked long hours. |
| Why were many unskilled workers forced to accept poor working conditions in the mid‑1800s? A) They did not know how to express their concerns. B) They could easily be replaced with new workers. C) They felt that the factory owners would protect them from harm. D) They were paid high wages. | They could easily be replaced with new workers. |
| In the 1830s, what group demanded shorter work days and better wages? A) nativists B) trade unionists C) Southern farmers D) New England merchants | trade unionists |
| 83) During the early 19th century, much of the labor force in textile factories were A) adult indentured servants B) male and female slaves C) elderly farmers D) young unmarried women | young unmarried women |
| What incentive attracted many workers to the Lowell textile mills in Massachusetts? A) short hours and health benefits B) opportunity to learn new skills C) absence of strict supervision D) relatively good wages for the time | relatively good wages for the time |
| Why were young women and children often hired to work in the early textile mills? A) Men refused to work the long hours. B) Most of the men were off fighting wars. C) They worked for lower wages than men. D) They had more skills than men. | They worked for lower wages than men. |
| 86) How did women factory workers demonstrate against poor working conditions and low wages? A) by setting up strikes B) by setting fire to the factories C) by refusing to go to work D) by making their children help out | by setting up strikes |
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