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History - Terms
Second Year History Terms
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Absolute Monarch | A king or queen with all power; based on the divine right of kings |
| Age of Enlightenment | Also called the Age of Reason; 18th century when some believed that reason and scientific method could solve problems |
| Astrolabe | Navigation instrument used in the Age of Exploration to find latitude |
| Bawn | Walled enclosure built for defense in the Plantation of Ulster |
| Blight | Potato disease associated with the Great Famine |
| Caravel | Ship used by Portuguese and Spanish to explore coasts of Africa and America |
| Carvel-built | Edge-to-edge planks of wood used in building caravels in the Age of Exploration |
| Church Abuses | Bad practices such as nepotism, simony, pluralism and absenteeism, which were common in the Catholic Church before the Reformation |
| Clinker-built | Overlapping planks of wood used in building ships in Northern Europe |
| Coffin Ships | Badly maintained ships used to transport emigrants to America during the Great Famine |
| Colony | A country controlled by a more powerful country |
| Conquistadors | Spanish conquerors who defeated native empires in Central and South America |
| Council of Trent | Meeting of cardinals, bishops and Pope to reform the Catholic Church before the Reformation, held in northern Italy |
| Counter Reformation | Efforts by the Catholic Church to reform itself and stop the spread of Protestantism |
| Divine Right of Kings | 18th-century belief that kings' or queens' power to rule came from God alone |
| Domestic System | The making of goods such as thread and cloth in people's houses before the Industrial Revolution |
| Enclosure | Dividing the three open fields and the common into individual farms during the Agricultural Revolution in England |
| Guillotine | A device with a sharp blade used for executions at the time of the French Revolution |
| Indulgences | A release from punishment for sin |
| Inquisition | Catholic Church court in Italy and Spain used to try Protestants and Jews |
| Jesuits | Religious order founded by Ignatius Loyola to spread the teachings of the Catholic Church |
| Justification by Faith | Luther's belief that only faith in God would allow a person to go to heaven |
| Lateen Sails | Triangular sails used on caravels to sail into the wind in the Age of Exploration |
| Log and Line | Used in ships of the Age of Exploration to work out the speed of the ship |
| Logbook | Used in ships of the Age of Exploration to record events during the voyage |
| Nepotism | Using your power or influence to get jobs for your family or relations |
| Norfolk Crop Rotation | A rotation of crops over four fields so that no field would be fallow, begun in Agricultural Revolution in England |
| Padraos | Pillars erected along the African coast by Portuguese at the end of each year's exploration |
| Penal Laws | Laws passed in 17th and 18th century Ireland to control/discriminate against Catholics and Presbyterians |
| Plantation | Policy of English government to bring in English and Scottish planters to Ireland |
| Pluralism | When bishops and priest held more than one diocese or parish at the time of the Reformation in the 16th century |
| Portolan Charts | Earliest maps used during the Age of Exploration which showed places along the coast joined by straight lines |
| Predestination | Belief of John Calvin that God decides when people are born whether they go to heaven or hell |
| Protestant Ascendancy | Church of Ireland ruling class in control of Ireland from 17th to 19th centuries |
| Quadrant | Navigation instrument used in the Age of Exploration to find latitude |
| Republic | A country without a king or queen |
| Revolution | A huge and rapid change in politics, economy and/or society |
| Sans-culottes | Militant working class in Paris who supported the French Revolution |
| Sectarian | Strongly favouring one religious group over another |
| Servitors | English soldiers and officials who were granted land in the Plantation of Ulster |
| Simony | The buying and selling of church offices or positions |
| Spices | Used to give flavour to food, brought from the Spice Islands |
| Treaty of Tordesillas | Treaty between Spain and Portugal dividing the newly discovered world between them |
| Undertakers | English planters who got land during the Plantation of Munster, or English and Scottish planters who got land during the Plantation of Ulster |
| Workhouse | Used in Ireland in the 19th century where poorer people had to live if they wanted to get help |
Created by:
SeanConn24
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