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Rad Anat I
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 3 requirements for a radiograph? | Beam, Subject, Receptacle |
| Rate radiographic densities from LUCENT to OPAQUE. | Air, fat, water, bone, metal |
| Radiodensity refers to___________? | An object |
| RadioGRAPHIC density refers to______________? | a radiograph |
| Describe the difference between radiodensity and radiographic density. | Radiodensity refers to the density of an object, while radiographic density refers to the actual image and describes the amount of blackening on the radiograph. |
| Thick tissue is MORE radiodense, therefore the radiograph will appear with LESS radiographic density, rendering the image MORE______. | Opaque/white |
| Thin tissue is LESS radiodense, therefore the radiograph will appear with MORE radiographic density, rendering the image MORE_______. | Lucent/black |
| Image quality is influenced by 4 factors. (DC-DR) | Radiographic density (overall blackness) Radiographic contrast Radiographic distortion Radiographic resolution (DC-DR) |
| Radiographic density is influenced by 4 things. (mkts) | 1-mA=current 2-kVp=inversely prop. to contrast 3-time(s) 4-SID (Source-to-Image Distance) |
| 2 Aka's for Radiographic density? | optical density film density |
| Boney radiographic preferences? | Low kVp yields high contrast |
| Visceral radiographic preferences? | High kVp yields low contrast |
| What does the beam hit first in an anterior to posterior radiograph? | Anterior of patient. |
| What does the beam hit first in a posterior to anterior radiograph? | Posterior of patient. |
| What does the beam hit first in a Left Lateral radiograph? | Right side of patient. |
| What does the beam hit first in a Right lateral radiograph? | Left side of patient. |
| What does the beam hit first in a Right Anterior Oblique (RAO) radiograph? | Left posterior of patient. |
| What does the beam hit first in a Right Posterior Oblique (RPO) radiograph? | Left anterior of patient. |
| What does the beam hit first in a Left Posterior Oblique (LPO) radiograph? | Right anterior of patient. |
| How is mAs calculated? | 1-tissue density 2-tissue thickness 3-tissue position |
| What is considered the Quantitative Exposure Factor (QEF)? | mA x time(s) = mAs = amount of current in tube |
| Lower kVp yields what results? | Greater variability in tissue absorption, with higher contrast between whites and blacks. |
| What is considered the Qualitative Factor (QF)? | kVp controls the quality of beam |
| What is the ideal balance of QEF and QF? | Preference is high kVp(QF) and low mAs(QEF). |
| 4 factors that influence Blur? | 1-misinstruction 2-long mAs (exposure time) 3-Poor stabilization 4-Pain |
| 3 factors that influence Radiographic Resolution? | 1-Blur 2-Distances 3-Beam size |
| What is radiographic distortion? | infidelity of image versus object. 1-Size (magnification) 2-Shape (unequal magnification) |
| spot view | details previously suspected findings. isolated = better detail |
| stress view | object not in neutral. = better biomechanics info |
| What is the 10 day rule? | Take female x-rays during first 10 days of period. |
| series | minimum of 2 x-rays taken at 90 degrees to each other. |
| What two tissues are most sensitive to X-ray radiation? | Fetal and gonadal |
| What are the 5 functions of bone? | 1-support 2-protection 3-motion 4-minerals 5-blood cell production |
| What is the CNS encased in? | CNS is encased in bone |
| What is the most abundant mineral in bone? | Calcium |
| What ration of organic to inorganic material comprises bone? | 33% Organic 67% Inorganic |
| What 3 substances make-up Organic bone matrix? | 1-Type I collagen fibers 2-Mucopolysaccharides (Proteoglycans) 3-Non-collagenous proteins |
| What is the function of Organic bone matrix? | gives bone its flexibility (tensile strength) |
| What makes up Inorganic bone matrix? | 85%hydroxyapatite (Calcium + Phosphate salt 10% Calcium carbonate Minerals: Fluoride, Sodium, Potassium, Magnesium |
| What is the function of Inorganic bone matrix? | Gives bone its hardness. (compressive resistance) |
| What two layers of bone are fibrovascular and contain osteogenic cells? | 1-Periosteum 2-Endosteum |
| What are the two main types of bone? | 1-Compact aka cortical bone 2-Spongy aka trabecular bone |
| Name the 5 classifications of bone. | 1-Long 2-Short 3-Flat 4-Sesamoid 5-Irregular |
| What are the 4 tissue types in the human body? | 1-Epithelial 2-Connective 3-Muscle 4-Nerve |
| What type of tissue is bone? | Connective |
| Who discovered X-rays? | Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen in 1895 |
| 5 facts about x-rays. | 1-Undetectable via human senses 2-Cannot be focused 3-Diverge from Origin in straight lines 4-Penetration depends on density 5-Cause certain crystals to fluoresce |
| What is the exiting beam called? | Remnant radiation |
| Define radiographic exposure in 3 points. | 1-Qty of x-rays in beam 2- X-rays which a patient is exposed 3-Qty of x-rays that meet the receiver |
Created by:
lerch
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