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Unit 7
Key questions for standards
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What was the significance of the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 in relation to slavery? (8.64 | Banned slavery in the Northwest Territory and any future states created from it. It did not affect slaves already in the territory or prohibit slave owners from bringing their "property" to the territory. |
| What were the reasons for the Missouri Compromise of 1820? (8.65) | Missouri submitted a request to be admitted to the Union as a slave state, Northern lawmakers disagreed on it being a slave state. (upset the balance in Congress) |
| What was the impact of the Missouri Compromise of 1820? (8.65) | Missouri would be a slave state. Maine as a free state. New states added to the US would be free if they were above the 36'30 line of latitude & slave below that line. Set the precedent that Congress could make laws attempting to regulate slavery. |
| How did John Brown impact the abolitionist movement? (8.66) | Fought pro-slavery forces in Bleeding Kansas, including Pottawatomie Massacre where Brown executed 5 pro-slavery Kansans. Led attack on the federal armory at Harper's Ferry trying to begin slave revolt against the South |
| How did Harriet Tubman and the Underground Railroad impact the abolitionist movement? (8.66) | Escaped slave who risked her freedom by returning to the South 19 times. The underground railroad was a network of white and black abolitionists who secretly helped slaves escape to freedom to the North from the South. |
| Why did African-Americans use the Underground Railroad to escape to freedom? (8.66) | Free African Americans had few rights in most of the South. Enslaved African families were split up at slave auctions. African American slaves were often cruelly punished by their slaveholders. |
| How did William Lloyd Garrison impact the abolitionist movement? (8.66) | Published The Liberator - most influential anti-slavery newspaper. Founded the New England Anti-Slavery Society. |
| How did Frederick Douglass impact the abolitionist movement? (8.66) | Published an autobiography called the Slave Narratives. (gave insights into the life of slaves) Published anti-slavery newspaper, the North Star. Gave famous, moving speeches across the country. |
| How did Harriet Beecher Stowe impact the abolitionist movement? (8.66) | Wrote Uncle Tom's Cabin which... Showed evils of slavery. Angered Southerners, they claimed it was not a true picture of slavery. Made Northerners aware of slavery. |
| How did Virginia Hill and Free Hill, TN impact the abolitionist movement? (8.66) | Communities where African-Americans lived away from white society. |
| How did Francis Wright and Nashoba Commune impact the abolitionist movement? (8.66) | Utopian community to prepare slaves for emancipation (freeing/buying out) in a Memphis suburb. |
| How did Elihu Embree impact the abolitionist movement? (8.66) | Publisher of the first newspaper in the US devoted exclusively to the cause of abolishing slavery. |
| What were the reasons for the Compromise of 1850? (8.67) | California had the population and wanted to enter the union as a free state. (Potentially upsetting the balance of free and slave states in Congress.) Rising tensions between the North and South, mainly over slavery. |
| What were the results of the Compromise of 1850? (8.67) | Fugitive Slave Act was passed. Slave trade was abolished in D.C. (but slavery was still legal) California entered the Union as a free state. Utah and New Mexico Territories are created and would decide slavery based on popular sovereignty. |
| What was the role of Daniel Webster in the Compromise of 1850? (8.67) | Supported the compromise by giving a speech saying that it wasn't necessary to dispute slavery in Western territories since their land was not the most suitable for farming. |
| What was the role of John C. Calhoun in the Compromise of 1850? (8.67) | Opposed the compromise because he saw it as the 'ticket to the South's prosperity'. |
| What was the role of the Fugitive Slave Act in the Compromise of 1850? (8.67) | Angered Northerners (but pleased Southerners) because citizens were required to catch runaway slaves in the North and return them to slavery in the South. |
| How did the rise of the Republican Party motivate the passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854? (8.68) | The party was made up of anti-slavery Whigs at its start. It quickly gained government presence, with their candidate John C. Frémont winning 11 states in the election of 1856. |
| Who were "border ruffians"? (8.68) | Missourians who traveled in armed groups to cross the border and vote in elections. (determining whether Kansas was free or slave) |
| How did "Bleeding Kansas" motivate the passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854? (8.68) | John Brown fiercely fought to abolish slavery in Kansas, even executing some of his opposition |
| What happened in the Summer Brooks incident? (8.68) | The Kansas-Nebraska Act caused sectional conflict in Congress over slavery. Charles Sumner attacks slavery and insults Democratic congressmen in his "Crime Against Kansas" speech. Preston Brooks beats Charles Sumner with a cane in the Senate chambers. |
| How did the Summer Brooks incident motivate the passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854? (8.68) | Showed how divided the country had become due to the issue of slavery. |
| How did the John Brown raid of Harper's Ferry motivate the passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854? (8.68) | Northerners thought John Brown was a hero, but southerners thought the North was trying to bring down slavery and the South. |
| What were the effects of the Kansas-Nebraska Act? (8.68) | Kansas and Nebraska would decide whether they were free or slave states by popular sovereignty. (Vote of all the people, majority decides.) Missouri Compromise was officially repealed. |
| What was the Dred Scott vs. Sandford case? (8.69) | In 1857, The US Supreme Court ruled that no slave or descendant of a slave could ever be a citizen. Scott had no right to sue in federal court. the Missouri compromise (restricting slavery in certain territory) of 1820 was ruled unconstitutional. |
| How did the Dred Scott decision result in an increasing divisiveness between North and South? (8.69) | The decision pleased many southerners, but infuriated the North. The case was a major reason for the election of anti-slavery candidate Abraham Lincoln, and the following secession of the southern states. |
| What was the basis of the court's decision in the Dred Scott case? (8.69) | Whether the Supreme Court has the authority to address the question of slavery. |
| What did Stephen Douglas believe would happen if Lincoln became president? (8.70) | Make African-Americans equals, give them political rights, and treat them as equals. |
| What were Stephen Douglas's views on African-Americans? (8.70) | The US government was not made for them, they should not be citizens, and whites are superior and blacks are inferior. |
| What did Abraham Lincoln agree with Douglas on in his rebuttal? (8.70) | Black people should not be politically and socially equal to white people. |
| What did Abraham Lincoln disagree with Douglas on in his rebuttal? (8.70) | Even though they should not have the same political or social rights, African-Americans should have economic opportunity to earn a living. |
| What was the significance of the Lincoln-Douglas debates? (8.70) | They provided Lincoln with exposure that would help advance his political career. |
| What were the conditions of enslavement? (8.71) | Slaves lived in small cabins behind the plantation house. Slaves were not allowed to be educated. They had to do other labor after working in the field before they could go home. Slaves that broke the rules could be beaten. |
| How did slaves adapt and resist in their daily lives? (8.71) | They worked slow, pretended not to understand directions, intentionally broke farm equipment, and some even fled north to freedom. Some extremely daring slaves led rebellions. |
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