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Gilded Age
Early American issues during the Gilded Age
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| He was the NYC political boss in the late 1860s, and many people saw him as the face of corruption during this time period; his headquarters was known as Tammany Hall | Boss Tweed |
| He was famous for his use of cartoons to expose Boss Tweed and his corruption; he made the elephant and donkey symbols popular for the republican and democratic parties, respectively; he created the "modern" image of Santa Claus | Thomas Nast |
| A term coined by Mark Twain for late 19th century America; Twain described this era as gilded because it glittered on the outside, but underneath the surface it was full of corruption. | Gilded Age |
| Founded in 1874 in Ohio with the main goal of prohibiting the sale of alcohol in all states; by 1919, 75% of states agreed to prohibition, and it became federal law in 1920 with the Volstead Act | Women's Christian Temperance Union |
| Act passed by Congress in 1882. It was one of three laws that attempted to solve the increasing immigration problems. There had also been increasing labor violence against the Chinese due to lack of jobs. | Chinese Exclusion Act |
| Act passed in 1887, allowing the US to break up reservation land into small alotments for individuals; expected the Native Americans to go against their traditional ways of living; Native Children were also enrolled in schools to become more "American" | Dawes Act |
| 1892 one of the most violent strikes in U.S. history. It was against the Carnegie Steel Company, in Pennsylvania in retaliation against wage cuts. On July 6, company guards and Pinkertons opened fire on the strikers, killing and wounding many strikers. | Homestead Strike |
| A nonviolent strike led by Eugene V. Debs which brought about a shut down of western railroads, which took place against the Pullman Palace Car Company in 1894. It began because of the poor wages of the Pullman workers. | Pullman Strike |
| An American inventor, he was most famous for his invention of the telephone. His other inventions includes the induction balance, audiometer, and the first was recording cylinder introduced in 1885. | Alexander Graham Bell |
| An American inventor, his development of a practical electric light bulb, electric generating system, sound-recording device, and motion picture projector had advanced the life of modern society. | Thomas Edison |
| Famous for his Standard Oil Company. He had a desire for cost cutting and efficiency. He revolutionized the oil industry. | John D. Rockefeller |
| Decided to build his own steel mill in 1870 after the Civil War. Known as the Man of Steel. He spend the surplus each year for benevolent purposes," donating more than $20 million. He spent the rest of his life engaged in philanthropy. | Andrew Carnegie |
| A banker, and art collector. In 1892 he merged two different companies and created General Electric. Then in 1901, he merged several different steel and iron companies together including the Carnegie Steel Company to form the United States Steel Company. | J.P. Morgan |
| A labor leader who was the president of the American Federation of Labor, which was the preeminent voice of labor by 1890. He stressed cooperation between management and labor instead of strike actions as a means of obtaining labor demands. | Samuel Gompers |
| She was a social worker, created the Hull House in 1889 in Chicago. This was the first settlement house in the U.S. It was a welfare agency for needy families, and to assist immigrants in learning the English language and becoming citizens. | Jane Addams |
| Helped to establish the National Negro Business League in 1900; he was criticized for having opinions very similar to those of whites, with less regard for African American rights | Booker T. Washington |
| The first black man to receive a PhD. from Harvard in 1895; he was a teacher and published The Souls of Black Folks in 1903, which included a criticism of Booker T. Washington; he helped to form the NAACP in 1909 and he became the editor of their magazine | W.E.B. DuBois |
| A theory by which individuals and societies compete for survival and success Believed that human progress depended on competition. Those who were best fit for survival would become rich and powerful, and the less fit would be less powerful and lower class | Social Darwinism |
| A term that is used to refer to ethnocentric beliefs relating to immigration and nationalism. It was also a policy that favored native inhabitants as opposed to immigrants. | Nativism |
| A Civil Rights organization that's goal was to "ensure the political, social, and economic equality of rights of all persons and to eliminate racial discrimination and hate." | The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) |
| A movement to improve working conditions through legislature in the 1860s and 1870s; it began in 1866 when farmers, laborers, and reformers formed a coalition, hoping it would pressure Congress to limit the work day to 8-hours | National Labor Union |
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jrubalcaba
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