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Gender In Language
The study of gender in language
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Define "Androcentric" | Having a built in bias towards men |
| What is the Industrial Revolution's role in language? | They began to use "Mrs" and "Miss" to inform the men of which women are still "on the market" |
| Define "Ameiloration" | Retaining meaning or giving respect |
| Men are described by their what? | Occupation or role in a working community |
| Define "Pejoration" | Having degrading or negative connotations |
| Women are described by their what? | Appearence or martial status |
| Define "Collocation" | Words we often find together (e.g. fish and chips) |
| What is the difference between gender and sex? | While sex refers to reproductive biology, gender involves cultural interpretations of sexuality and social norms for male and female behaviour |
| Define "Lexical Asymmetry" | When a word that is used to describe a man's position has positive connotations, but the equivalent word for a woman has negative ones |
| What did the Act of Parliament do in 1850 that was so shocking? | They legally insisted that "he" stood for "she" |
| Define "Fridging" and where it came from | A shorthand for a persistent sexist trope, which originated from a 1994 Green Lantern comic, where the hero returns home to find that his nemesis has murdered his girlfriend and stuffed her corpse in a fridge. This gave the hero something to do |
| What are the six aspects of 'The Difference Model'? | Status V Support Independence V Intimacy Advice V Understaning Information V Feelings Orders V Proposals Conflict V Compromise |
| Define "Marked Terms" | Terms that reveal a person's gender and reduce women to size |
| Why is everything about gender in our language considered a myth? | It is a widespread false belief and it tells a story about people's personalities |
| Define "Political Correctness" | Avoidance of expressions or actions that can be perceived to exclude or marginalize or insult people who are socially disadvantaged or discriminated against |
| What is vocal fry? | A way of speaking in which the voice is very low pitched and creaky at the end (laryngealization) |
| Define "Linguistic Determinism" | The idea that our language determines thought |
| What is the deficit model? | The idea that women's speech is deficient, weak and lacking |
| Define "Patronyms" | Names that relate to the male lines of inheritance |
| What is the dominance model? | The idea that women's and men's speech differ because men are socially dominant |
| Define "Tautology" | Saying the same thing twice in different words, having a redundancy in meaning |
| What is the difference model? | The idea that women and men speak differently because of cultural norms |
| Define "Salient" | Most noticeable or important |
| What is the dynamic model? | The idea that context, power and expertise make the difference between female and male speech |
| Define "Matronyms" | The mother's first name plus the term for "daughter" or "son" |
| What is a high involvement speaker? | Someone who is ready to be overlapped because they will give in to an intrusion on the conversation if they feel like it |
| Define "Lexical Priming" | Priming that involves the meaning of words. Typically occurs when a word is followed by another word with a similar meaning |
| What is a high considerate speaker? | Someone who gives way to each other |
| Define "Adjacency Pairs" | Regular two turn exchanges in spoken discourse, like usual units of speech, question and answer or greeting response |
| What is the Bechdel test? | A test that rates films based on the criteria of containing at least two female characters who talk to each other about something besides a man |
| Define "Tag Questions" | A little question tagged on to the end of an utterance to keep the conversation going rather than to express uncertainty |
| What is a Manic Pixie Dream Girl? | A stock character in films noted for being shallow, quirky, feminine and providing inspiration for brooding protagonist male characters |
| Define "Interruptions" | Where the other speaker is cut off |
| Give three examples of linguistic responses | "Yes", "Mmm" or "Alright" are three examples |
| Define "Overlaps" | Where both speakers speak at the same time |
| What are the five aspects of female conversations? | Talk too much, speak in private contexts, build relationships, overlap and speak symmetrically |
| Define "Overt & Covert Prestige Forms" | Forms that are either socially acceptable or unacceptable. Women use more overt and men use more covert |
| What are the five aspects of male conversations? | Get more air time, speak in public, avoid failure, speak one at a time and speak asymmetrically |
| Define "Cisgender" | Term used when gender identity and/or expression aligns with the sex assigned at birth (e.g. a female woman and a male man) |
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13hored
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