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7 Hist Ch 17 WS BJU
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Adolf Hitler | leader of the Nazi Pary |
| Albert Einstein | Father of Modern Physics |
| Allies | World War I alliance of Britain, France, Russia and all the other nations that became allied with them in opposing the Central Powers |
| atheism | Lenin declared this to be a vital and inseparable part of Marxism |
| Balkans | a large region in southeastern Europe; Russia sought to dominate this region prior to WWI; "powder keg" of Europe because any spark of war in this region could ignite war in Europe. |
| Benito Mussolini | Italian dictator; formed the Fascist Party |
| Bolsheviks | "majority"; more radical Russian faction that supported violence |
| Britain enters WWI on the Allied Side | after Germany broke a treaty and invaded neutral Belgium. |
| Central Powers | World War I alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman Empire |
| Chiang Kai-shek | 2nd leader of the Kuomintang in China |
| Chinese Communist Party | radical faction of the Kuomintang that split off from the main party |
| Cubism | An Artistic movement that focused on geometric shapes, complex lines, and overlapping planes. |
| Entente Cordiale | A friendly agreement between Britain and France. Britain gained control of Egypt. France gained control of Morocco. No written agreement, only an alliance against Germany. |
| Expressionism | A form of art in which the artist depicts the inner essence of man and projects his view of the world as colored by that essence. |
| Federal Reserve | A national baking system established in 1913, that controls the U.S. money supply and the availability of credit in the country |
| Finland | only country that repaid its loan to the US after WWI |
| Francis Ferdinand | Heir of the Austrian throne whose assassination in Sarajevo set in motion the events that started World War I. Assassination on June 28, 1914 |
| Franklin D. Roosevelt | US President (Democrat) following Hoover. Created many federal agencies to create jobs and attempt to bring America out of the Great Depression. |
| Herbert Hoover | US President (Republican) when the Great Depression started. Very unpopular. Firmly believd that the government should not intervene in private business matters - he did try some limited measures (Federal Farm Board) |
| Joseph Stalin | Russia's second dictator |
| June 28, 1914 | Archduke Franz Ferdinand was Assassinated - Start of WWI |
| Kellogg-Briand Pact | agreement to settle disputes between nations by negotiation rather than by force (war) |
| Kuomintang | Nationalist Party of China |
| Lacarno Pact | agreement between Germany, Britain, and France that recognized the present border as the permanent borders of these countries |
| Lateran Treaties | agreements between Benito Mussolini and the Roman Catholic Church; Mussolini gave the Catholic Church money and a small independent region known as Vatican City, and the pope recognized Mussolini's government |
| League of Nations | many nations working for peace; led by President Woodrow Wilson; failed because it had no power to enforce its recommendations |
| Mao Zedong | leader of the Chinese Communist Party |
| Meiji Restoration | in Japan, the reign of Emperor Meiji from 1868 to 1912 which was marked by rapid modernization, industrialization, and military development |
| Mensheviks | "minority"; more moderate Russian faction that sought change through peaceful methods |
| Nazi Party | National Socialist German Workers' Party; took over the German government when the Weimar Republic failed |
| Pan-Arabism | secular movement to form a united state of Arabia and an Arab League that would spread from the west coast of northern Africa to Saudi Arabia |
| Paris Peace Conference | 32 nations met to establish peace; excluded the countries that supported the Central Powers and excluded Russia |
| Pierre and Marie Curie (Madame) | scientists who pioneered work with radioactivity |
| Postwar Literature | writing that often reflected the despair and emptiness of modern life |
| Reinsurance Treaty | secret agreement between Germany and Russia that required that each power would maintain neutrality should the other find itself at war. |
| Russia's central government collapse | after defeat by Germany; Czar Nicholas II stepped down on March 15, 1917. Lenin became next leader in 1918 |
| Schlieffen Plan | called for Germans to send most of their forces west through neutral Belgium and quickly surround Paris, then rush to meet the advancing Russian forces on the eastern front after France surrendered |
| Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act | legislation passed in 1930 that established very high tariffs. Its objective was to reduce imports and stimulate the domestic economy, but it resulted only in retaliatory tariffs by other nations and economic devastation here. |
| stalemate | wartime condition where both sides suffer major losses without major gains on either side |
| Sun Yat-Sen | 1st leader of the Kuomintang Party in China; struggled to unite China |
| total war | a war in which all the resources of a country are devoted to destroying the enemy |
| Treaty of Versailles | treaty between Germany and the Allies that ended WWI; blamed Germany for the war; Germany lost territory and its colonies, had to pay massive reparations for war damages, and had to reduce their military strength |
| Triple Entente | An alliance between Great Britain, France and Russia in the years before WWI. |
| Turning points in WWI | Lenin signed a treaty with the Germany taking Russia out of the war and United States declaring war on Germany |
| Vladimir Lenin | Russia's first dictator, a Communist; signed a treaty with the Germans and took Russia out of the war |
| Washington Naval Conference | limited the number of war ships each signing nation could build |
| Weimar Republic | government formed in Germany after World War I; failed because it was unpopular and had no majority party |
| Wilhelm ll | Ruled Germany 1888 he dismissed Bismarck and allowed the Reinsurance Treaty to expire |
Created by:
Mrs_CC
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