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Chapter 14 Review
A New Spirit of Change, 1820 - 1860
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Most people who came to America in the 1800's came from what continent? | Europe |
| What are some push factors that made people want to leave their homeland? | War, poverty, lack of jobs, overcrowding, religious persecution, disease, famine |
| What are some pull factors that brought many immigrants to America? | Liberty, job opportunities, available farm land, religious freedom, reunite with family members, wide open spaces |
| What caused many Irish to come to America in the mid 1800's? | A potato famine |
| What is a famine? | A severe food shortage |
| What problems did many immigrants face after arriving in America? | A lack of available housing; small, crowded, unsanitary apartments; low wage jobs in unsafe working conditions; discrimination |
| What is a tenement? | A run-down and often overcrowded apartment house, usually in a poor section of a large city. |
| What does it mean to reform? | To change or improve. |
| What was the purpose of the Temperance Movement? | To encourage moderation in the consumption of alcohol, or to ban it altogether. |
| Who led the temperance movement? | Women, churches |
| What is the purpose of a labor union? | To band together to fight for improved working conditions |
| What does it mean to go on strike? | To stop working to demand better conditions. |
| What were labor unions fighting for? | Safer work places, higher pay, shorter work day/less hours |
| Which state created the first state board of education in the U.S.? | Massachusetts |
| Who led education reform in America? | Horace Mann |
| Who led the fight for better treatment of the mentally ill? | Dorothea Dix |
| What were some goals of prison reform? | To have children go to special jails separate from adults, to rehabilitate prisoners to be useful after they are released, improved conditions in prisons |
| How did Dorothea Dix fight for prison and asylum reform? | She pleaded with the Massachusetts State Legislature to improve care for the mentally ill and treatment of prisoners. |
| What was the movement to end slavery? | Abolition |
| What former slaves supported abolition by giving public speeches about their experiences? | Frederick Douglass and Sojourner Truth |
| What was the Underground Railroad? | A secret network of safehouses and escape routes to help slaves escape from slavery. |
| What runaway slave led others to freedom as a conductor on the Underground Railroad? | Harriet Tubman |
| What is suffrage? | The right to vote. |
| Who led the fight for women's suffrage in America? | Lucretia Mott, Elizabeth Cady Stanton |
| What was the purpose of the Seneca Falls Convention in 1848? | To call attention to the unfair treatment of women. |
| When did women in America earn the right to vote? | 1920 |
| What amendment gave women in America the right to vote? | 19th |
| Why did many business owners prefer to hire children? | Children were paid less, easier to manage, and less likely to go on strike. |
| What organization succeeded in getting many liquor laws passed nationwide? | The Women's Christian Temperance Union |
| What basic principles of education were generally accepted in most states by the mid 1800s? | Public school should be free and supported by taxes, teachers should be trained, children should be required to attend school. |
| What groups of people fought to end slavery? | White men and women, free blacks, former slaves |
| What were the goals of education reform? | To make public school more available for children, to train teachers, and to require children to attend school. Reformers believed education would help children escape poverty and be good citizens. |
| What former slave bought his own freedom and wrote an autobiography about his life? | Frederick Douglass |
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