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Chapter 14 Review

A New Spirit of Change, 1820 - 1860

QuestionAnswer
Most people who came to America in the 1800's came from what continent? Europe
What are some push factors that made people want to leave their homeland? War, poverty, lack of jobs, overcrowding, religious persecution, disease, famine
What are some pull factors that brought many immigrants to America? Liberty, job opportunities, available farm land, religious freedom, reunite with family members, wide open spaces
What caused many Irish to come to America in the mid 1800's? A potato famine
What is a famine? A severe food shortage
What problems did many immigrants face after arriving in America? A lack of available housing; small, crowded, unsanitary apartments; low wage jobs in unsafe working conditions; discrimination
What is a tenement? A run-down and often overcrowded apartment house, usually in a poor section of a large city.
What does it mean to reform? To change or improve.
What was the purpose of the Temperance Movement? To encourage moderation in the consumption of alcohol, or to ban it altogether.
Who led the temperance movement? Women, churches
What is the purpose of a labor union? To band together to fight for improved working conditions
What does it mean to go on strike? To stop working to demand better conditions.
What were labor unions fighting for? Safer work places, higher pay, shorter work day/less hours
Which state created the first state board of education in the U.S.? Massachusetts
Who led education reform in America? Horace Mann
Who led the fight for better treatment of the mentally ill? Dorothea Dix
What were some goals of prison reform? To have children go to special jails separate from adults, to rehabilitate prisoners to be useful after they are released, improved conditions in prisons
How did Dorothea Dix fight for prison and asylum reform? She pleaded with the Massachusetts State Legislature to improve care for the mentally ill and treatment of prisoners.
What was the movement to end slavery? Abolition
What former slaves supported abolition by giving public speeches about their experiences? Frederick Douglass and Sojourner Truth
What was the Underground Railroad? A secret network of safehouses and escape routes to help slaves escape from slavery.
What runaway slave led others to freedom as a conductor on the Underground Railroad? Harriet Tubman
What is suffrage? The right to vote.
Who led the fight for women's suffrage in America? Lucretia Mott, Elizabeth Cady Stanton
What was the purpose of the Seneca Falls Convention in 1848? To call attention to the unfair treatment of women.
When did women in America earn the right to vote? 1920
What amendment gave women in America the right to vote? 19th
Why did many business owners prefer to hire children? Children were paid less, easier to manage, and less likely to go on strike.
What organization succeeded in getting many liquor laws passed nationwide? The Women's Christian Temperance Union
What basic principles of education were generally accepted in most states by the mid 1800s? Public school should be free and supported by taxes, teachers should be trained, children should be required to attend school.
What groups of people fought to end slavery? White men and women, free blacks, former slaves
What were the goals of education reform? To make public school more available for children, to train teachers, and to require children to attend school. Reformers believed education would help children escape poverty and be good citizens.
What former slave bought his own freedom and wrote an autobiography about his life? Frederick Douglass
Created by: jannasnyder
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