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WWII
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Franklin D. Roosevelt | President of the United States when the war started |
| Adolf Hitler | Dictator of Germany/leader of Nazi Party |
| Benetio Mussolini | Dictator of Italy |
| Winston Churchill | Prime Minister (leader)of the British Government |
| Hideki Tojo | Leader of Japan |
| Joseph Stalin | Dicator of Russia (USSR)- Union of Soviet Socalist Republic |
| Admiral Chester Nimitz | Commander of the U.S Pacific Fleet |
| General Dwight D. Eisenhower | Commander of the Allied Forces. Would later become president of the U.S |
| General Goerge S. Patton | Led U.S Force in the Battle of the Bulge and march to Germany |
| General Douglas MacArthur | Planned the strategy of island hopping. Gain control of the islands in the Pacific from Japan and use them as American military bases to defeat Japan |
| President Harry S. Truman | FDR dies suddenly and VP Truman is sworn in as president. Will lead the U.S through the end of the war. Decided to use atomic bombs on Japan in hope of surrender and avoiding invasion that would cost more American lives |
| Anne Frank | 13 years old Jewish girl from the Netherlands. Hid with her family for nearly 2 years in a hiding place over her fathers office. She kept a diary which is one of the best accounts of the life of Jews under the Nazi rule. She died in a cooncentration camp |
| Allied Powers | Britain, France,United States, some smaller countries |
| Axis Powers | Germany,Italy, Japan |
| Dictator | A leader who gains complete control of a country's government and, often by force or intimidation |
| Facism | a form of government where individual freedoms are denied and complete power is given to the government. Extreme nationalism |
| Lend-Lease | the U.S. let Britain borrow all of the military supplies it needed to fight the Axis and did not ask for payment. Isolationists protested because they thought FDR was leading the U.S. into war |
| Rationing | government limiting the amount of food, gasoline, etc. that people could buy. Stamps for products were sent out monthly |
| Victory Gardens | small vegetable gardens planted to help increase the amount of food available in the countries. They were in yards and even on rooftops |
| Atomic Bomb | massive explosive device made by splitting atoms |
| Manhattan Project | Government code name for the developement of the bomb |
| Holocaust | Widespread destruction. Nazis killed over 6 million Jews in concentration camps during the war. Hitler wanted to rid Europe Of the survivors from the camps |
| Concetration Camps | Confinement camps where Nazis sent the Jewish people they captured. Jews were killed or worked or starved to death. Allied forces freed the survivors from the camps |
| Battle of Midway | Major turning point in the war against Japan.Small island near Hawaii. Japan wanted to destroy the rest of the Pacific Fleet after Pearl Harbor. June 1942-Allies destroy Japanese Pacific Fleet and severely weaken their naval power. Allies get back small i |
| Battle of Stalingrad | Germans tried to take over city and destroyed it. Soviet soldiers held and Germany had to surrender and were forced to retreat from Russia. Summer 1942 |
| Battle of Iwo Jima | Iwo Jima, Japan: February 1945. Small island in the Pacific , but the toughest for US Marines to take. After US took Iwo Jima, they took Okinawa, Japan, but lost 50,000 soldiers between the two battles. Japan lost more. The victory here led the plan |
| VE Day | Victory in Europe Day: May 8, 1945 |
| Invasion of Normandy | Normandy, France: Force of 175,000 Allied soldiers and 6.000 ships attacked on June 6, 1945 – known as D-Day. Largest invasion by sea in world history |
| Hiroshima, Japan | August 6, 1945. Air force bomber plane Enola Gay dropped atomic bomb on the city. Completely destroyed the city and killed over 80,000 in a few SECONDS. Three days later, another bomb was dropped on Nagasaki, Japan. Led to the final surrender of Japa |
| VJ Day | Victory in Japan: August 14, 1945 |
| Costs of War | Bloodiest war in the history of the world Lost more than 400,000 US soldiers 40-50 million soldiers and civilians died Only Civil War had more loss of American lives Europe cities and farm lands were destroyed New weapon – atomic power |
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