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ch.15
vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Renaissance | a period in European history, covering the span between the 14th and 17th centuries and marking the transition from the Middle Ages to modernity. |
| humanism | a philosophical and ethical stance that emphasizes the value and agency of human beings, individually and collectively, and generally prefers critical thinking and evidence over acceptance of dogma or superstition. |
| secular | denoting attitudes, activities, or other things that have no religious or spiritual basis. |
| Baldassare Castiglione | count of Casatico, was an Italian courtier, diplomat, soldier and a prominent Renaissance author, who is probably most famous for his authorship of The Book of the Courtier |
| Niccolo Machiavelli | was an Italian diplomat, politician, historian, philosopher, humanist, writer, playwright and poet of the Renaissance period. He has often been called the father of modern political science. |
| Lorenzo de Medici | Florentine ruler; he supported some of the most talented Renaissance artists. He was known for his patronage and liberal mind. |
| Leonardo da Vinci | Italian painter, sculptor, architect, musician, engineer, and scientist; his interests and talents spanned numerous disciplines. He painted the Mona Lisa. |
| Michelangelo Buonarroti | was an Italian sculptor, painter, architect and poet of the High Renaissance born in the Republic of Florence, who exerted an unparalleled influence on the development of Western art. |
| Raphael | was an Italian painter and architect of the High Renaissance. His work is admired for its clarity of form, ease of composition, and visual achievement of the Neoplatonic ideal of human grandeur. |
| Johannes Gutenberg | was a German blacksmith, goldsmith, inventor, printer, and publisher who introduced printing to Europe with the printing press |
| Desiderius Erasmus | was a Dutch Christian humanist who was the greatest scholar of the northern Renaissance. Originally trained as a Catholic priest, Erasmus was an important figure in classical scholarship who wrote in a pure Latin style |
| Sir Thomas More | enerated in the Catholic Church as Saint Thomas More, was an English lawyer, social philosopher, author, statesman, and noted Renaissance humanist. |
| William Shakespeare | William Shakespeare was an English poet, playwright and actor, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's greatest dramatist. |
| Christine de Pisan | was an Italian and French author. She is best remembered for defending women in The Book of the City of Ladies and The Treasure of the City of Ladies. Pizan was a prominent moralist and political thinker in medieval France. |
| Albrecht Durer | was a painter, printmaker, and theorist of the German Renaissance. Born in Nuremberg, Dürer established his reputation and influence across Europe when he was still in his twenties due to his high-quality woodcut prints |
| Jan van Eyck | was a Flemish painter active in Bruges. He is one of the founders of Early Netherlandish painting and one of the most significant representatives of Early Northern Renaissance art. |
| Protestant Reformation | a movement aimed initially at reforming the beliefs and practices of the Roman Catholic Church. Its religious aspects were supplemented by ambitious political rulers who wanted to extend their power and control at the expense of the Church. |
| indulgences | the action or fact of indulging. |
| Martin Luther | was a German professor of theology, composer, priest, monk, and a seminal figure in the Protestant Reformation. Luther was ordained to the priesthood in 1507. |
| theocracy | a system of government in which priests rule in the name of God or a god. |
| John Calvin | was a French theologian, pastor and reformer in Geneva during the Protestant Reformation. |
| predestination | the divine foreordaining of all that will happen, especially with regard to the salvation of some and not others. It has been particularly associated with the teachings of St. Augustine of Hippo and of Calvin. |
| Henry VII | was the King of England and Lord of Ireland from his seizure of the crown on 22 August 1485 to his death on 21 April 1509. He was the first monarch of the House of Tudor. |
| annulled | declare invalid |
| Elizabeth | I was Queen of England and Ireland from 17 November 1558 until her death on 24 March 1603. Sometimes called The Virgin Queen, Gloriana or Good Queen Bess,was the last of the five monarchs of the House of Tudor. |
| Counter-Reformation | also called the Catholic Reformation or the Catholic Revival, was the period of Catholic resurgence that was initiated in response to the Protestant Reformation. |
| Jesuits | a member of the Society of Jesus, a Roman Catholic order of priests founded by St. Ignatius Loyola, St. Francis Xavier, and others in 1534, to do missionary work. |
| Ignatius of Loyla | was a Spanish Basque Catholic priest and theologian, who co-founded the religious order called the Society of Jesus and became its first Superior General at Paris in 1541 |
| Council of Trent | held between 1545 and 1563 in Trent, was the 19th ecumenical council of the Catholic Church. Prompted by the Protestant Reformation, it has been described as the embodiment of the Counter-Reformation. |
| Charles Borromeo | was Roman Catholic archbishop of Milan from 1564 to 1584 and a cardinal. He was a leading figure of the Counter-Reformation combat against the Protestant Reformation together with St. Ignatius |
| Francis of Sales | was a Bishop of Geneva and is honored as a saint in the Catholic Church. He became noted for his deep faith and his gentle approach to the religious divisions in his land resulting from the Protestant Reformation. |
| Teresa of Avila | Spanish Carmelite nun and one of the principal saints of the roman catholic church. |
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brandoncoppinger
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