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Early American Repub
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Americans confronted 3 major challenges during the period 1790-1815 | 1) a fierce domestic debate over who could be a citizen 2)ensuring the survival of the weak 3) asserting and justifying the expansion of the republic across the North American continent |
| The federal Constitution of 1787 created the new ___ government of the United States of America. | republican |
| Why was the American Republic dangerous? | few modern republics had survived for very long |
| Which countries were republics? | Venice, Florence, Holland, and England |
| Why was republic the best form of government? | republics allowed people to succeed by merit rather than inherited status. |
| Americans were encouraged by the successes of the 2 republican revolutions that followed directly from the American Revolution | French Revolution of 1789 and the Haitian Revolution of 1791 |
| Crèvecoeur interests | how the particular conditions of America shaped the society, politics, and people who lived there |
| Marbury vs. Madison (1803) | The separation of powers mandated by the Constitution led to the development of the idea of judicial review of legislative and executive actions |
| The Louisiana Purchase of 1803 | doubled the size of the United States overnight, extending US land claims beyond the Appalachian Mountains that had long formed an informal western boundary of British-American settlement |
| Why were Native Americans not part of the population growth? | 1) were not counted in the federal census at that time. They appear in Article I of the US Constitution as "Indians not taxed" and therefore not counted for purposes of representation. |
| Cotton Kingdom | Alabama, Mississippi, and Louisiana |
| Alexander Hamilton | the first secretary of the US treasury |
| Report on Manufactures (1791) | Hamilton championed a strong, centralized state, with industry supported by subsidies and tariffs |
| federalists | the name given to those who supported the ratification of the US Constitution |
| "empire for liberty" | an ever-growing republic held together not by tyranny or force of arms but by ties of common interest and affection |
| National vs. State Governments (Federalists) | favored a strong central government with the power to control commerce, tax, declare war, and make treaties |
| National vs. State Governments (Democratic-Republicans) | Sought to limit the role of the national government, favoring local control |
| French Revolution (Federalists) | Opposed the Revolution and opposed American Support for the anti monarchy group |
| French Revolution (Democratic-Republicans) | Supported the popular forces in the French Revolution and favored American assistance |
| Alien & Sedition Acts (Federalists) | Supported as necessary to prevent growth of Democratic-Republicans and to limit criticism of Federalists |
| Alien & Sedition Acts (Democratic-Republicans) | Opposed, along with the enlarged army, as a threat to citizens' individual liberties. |
| Hamilton's Economic Plans (Federalists) | Supported enthusiastically |
| Hamilton's Economic Plans (Democratic-Republicans) | Opposed, Hamilton's plans were seen as aiding his cronies in northern states, who had not yet paid off their debts, and as generally weakening the power of the states. |
| In essay 10 of The Federalist (1787-88) | Madison had influentially proposed the new idea that a republic should be large, so as to prevent the formation of majority factions. |
| Hartford Convention of 1814 | New England Federalists threatened to secede from the Union, believing that their vision of the United States was threatened by Democratic-Republicans and the growing power of the western and southern slave-holding regions. |
| two nations loomed especially large in American foreign policy | France and Britain |
| The three major international conflicts of the early national period | the Quasi-War with France (1798-1800), the First and Second Barbary Wars (1801-04; 1815), and the War of 1812 (1812-14) |
| The Rush-Bagot Agreement of 1817 | arranged for the demilitarization of the Great Lakes region between the US and Canada, which had been one of the major fronts of the War of 1812 |
| War of 1812 | 1)British attempted to blockade in order to prevent Americans from trading with Britainʼs arch-rival, France 2)British invasion of the port of Baltimore in 1814 |
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