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Extra Credit Ch. 10
Chapter 10
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Wilmot Proviso | California, as well as the territories of Utah and New Mexico, would be closed to slavery forever |
| secession | the formal withdrawl of a state from the Union |
| Compromise of 1850 | a series of congressional measures intended to settle the major disagreements between free states and slave states |
| popular sovereignty | the principle that the residents of a territory should have control over their own affairs---particularly the power to decide whether to admit slavery |
| Stephen A. Douglas | Senator of Illinois which picked up the pro-compromise reins |
| Millard Fillmore | Taylor's successor supported the compromise |
| Fugitive Slave Act | a law inacted as part of the Compromise of 1850, designed to ensure that escaped slaves would be returned into bondage |
| personal liberty laws | statutes, passed in nine Northern states in the 1850s, that forbade the imprisonment of runaway slaves and guaranteed jury trials for fugitive slaves |
| Underground Railroad | a system of routes along which runaway slaves were helped to escape to Canada or to safe areas in the free states |
| Harriet Tubman | one of the most famous conductors born a slave in Maryland in 1820 or 1821 |
| Harriet Beecher Stowe | published Uncle Tom's Cabin in 1851 |
| Uncle Tom's Cabin | a best-selling novel by Harriet Beecher Stowe, published in 1852, that portrayed slavery as a great moral evil |
| Kansas-Nebraska Act | a law, enacted in 1854, that established the territories of Kansas and Nebraska and gave their residents the right to decide whether to allow slavery |
| John Brown | an antislavery fanatic who believed that God had called on him to fight slavery |
| Bleeding Kansas | a name applied to the Kansas Territory in the years before the Civil War, when the territory was a battleground between proslavery and antislavery forces |
| Horace Greeley | founded the New York Tribune in 1841 |
| Franklin Pierce | Democratic candidate |
| nativism | the favoring of the interests of native-born people over the interests of immigrants |
| Know-Nothing Party | a name given to the American Party, formed in the 1850s to curtail the political influence of immigrants |
| Free-Soil Party | a political party formed in 1848 to oppose the extension of slavery into U.S. territories |
| Republican Party | the modern political party that was formed in 1854 by opponents of slavery in the territories |
| John C. Fremont | famed "pathfinder" who had mapped the Oregon Trail and led U.S. troops into California during the war with Mexico |
| James Buchanan | Democratic of Pennsylvania |
| Abraham Lincoln | became U.S. Senator of the Republican Party June 16, 1858 |
| Dred Scott | slave whose owner took him from the slave state of Missouri to the free state of Illinois, to the free Wisconsin territory, and then back to Missouri |
| Roger B. Taney | Chief Justice who wrote the Supreme Court's most important majority opinion for the case |
| Freeport Doctrine | the idea, expressed by Stephen Douglas in 1858, that any territory could exclude slavery by simply refusing to pass laws supporting it |
| Harpers Ferry | on October 16,1859, John Brown led a band of 18 men, black and white into Harpers Ferry, Virginia (now West Virginia) |
| Confederate States of America | the confederation formed in 1861by the Southern states after their secession from the Union |
| Jefferson Davis | former senator of Mississippi, then became president |
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