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Unit 1 Landry Chas
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Palio-Indians | The people who crossed the Bering Land Bridge into Alaska between 38000 & 10000 BC. |
| Migration | A movement of people or animals from one region to another. |
| Hunter-Gathers | Lived by hunting animals and gathering wild plants. |
| Environments | Climates and landscapes that surround living things. |
| Societies | Groups that share a culture. |
| Culture | A group's set of common values and traditions. |
| Totems | Ancestor or animal spirits. |
| Iroquois League | Established by the Cayuga, Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, and Seneca nations. |
| Capital | Money or property that is used to earn more money. |
| Joint-Stock companies | Businesses in which a group of people invest together. |
| Christopher Columbus | A sailor from Genoa, Italy. |
| Ferdinand Magellan | Portugese captain who set out with a Spanish fleet to sail to Asia across the "Southern Ocean". |
| Northwest Passage | A passage through North America that would let ships sail from the Atlantic to the Pacific. |
| Columbian Exchange | The transfer of plants, animals, and diseases from Asia, Africa, and Europe to the New World. |
| Conquistadors | Soldiers who led military expeditions in the Americas. |
| Hernan Cortes | Conquistador who was sent to present day Mexico in 1519. |
| Moctezuma II | King who ruled a wealthy land to the west. |
| Francisco Pizarro | Conquistador who heard rumors of the Inca cities in the Andes of South America. |
| Junipero Serra | Misionary who traveled to California to spread Christianity. |
| Encomienda System | Gave settlers the right to tax local Native Americans or to make them work. |
| Bartolome de las Casas | Spanish priest who defended Indians' rights. |
| Plantations | Large farms that grew just one kind of crop and made huge profits for their owners. |
| Protestant Reformation | Religious movement spread through German towns in the 1520's and then to other parts of Europe. |
| Protestants | People who protested the Catholic churches practices. |
| Printing press | A machine that produces printed copies. |
| Spanish armada | Launched to invade England and overthrow Queen Elizabeth and the Anglican church. |
| Inflation | Rise in the price of goods caused by the increase of the amount of money in use. |
| Charter | Document giving permission to start a colony. |
| Jamestown | Founded about 40 miles up the James river in Virginia. |
| John Smith | Took control of the colony in 1608 and built a fort. |
| Pocahontas | Daughter of the Powhatan leader. |
| Indentured servants | People who received a free trip to North America by agreeing to work without pay for a period of years. |
| Bacon's rebellion | Bacon and his followers attacked and burned Jamestown in this uprising. |
| Toleration Act of 1649 | Made it a crime to restrict the religious rights of Christians. |
| Olaudah Equiano | Former slave who recorded his experiences. |
| Slave coats | Laws to control slaves. |
| Puritans | Protestant group who wanted to purify the Anglican church. |
| Pilgrims | Separtist group who left England in the early 1600's to escape persecution. |
| Immagrants | People who have left the country of their birth to live in another country. |
| Mayflower compact | Legal contract in which they agreed to have fair laws to protect the general good. |
| Squanto | A Patuxet Indian who had at one time lived in Europe and spoke English well. |
| John Winthrop | Leader of the Puritan colonists that left England for Massachusetts to seek religious freedom. |
| Anne Hutchinson | An outspoken woman who publicly discussed religious ideas that some leaders thought were radical. |
| Peter Stuyvesant | Director general who led the colony of New Amsterdam beginning in 1647. |
| Quakers | Made up one of the largest religious groups in New Jersey. |
| William Penn | Wished to found a larger colony under his own control that would provide a safe home for Quakers. |
| Staple crops | Crops that are always needed. |
| Town meetings | People talked about and decided on issues of local interest. |
| English Bill of Rights | Reduced the powers of the English monarch. |
| Triangular trade | A system in which goods and slaves were traded among the Americas, Britain, and Africa. |
| Middle passage | The voyage in which slaves came to the Americas. |
| The Great Awakening | A religious movement that swept through the colonies in the 1730's and 1740's. |
| Enlightenment | Movement that took place during the 1700's which spread the idea that reason and logic could improve society. |
| Pontiac | An Indian chief who opposed British settlements of Virgia and Carolina back country and the Ohio river valley. |
| Samuel Adams | Local leader in Boston who agreed with James Otis. |
| Committees of Correspondence | Each committee got in touch with other towns and colonies and shared information about new British laws and ways to challenge them. |
| Stamp Act of 1765 | Required colonists to pay for an official stamp or seal when buying paper items. |
| Boston Massacre | The shootings in which British soldiers killed 5 colonists. |
| The Tea Act | Allowed the British East India Company to sell tea directly to the colonists. |
| Boston Tea Party | Colonists dumped 340 tea chests into the Boston Harbor. |
| The Intolerable Acts | What colonists called the coersive Acts. |
| 1st Continental Congress | The gathering in the fall of 1774 of delegates throughout the colonies |
| Minutemen | Members of the civilian volunteer militia |
| Redcoats | British soldiers wearing red uniforms |
| 2nd Continental Congress | Delegates from 12 colonies met in Philadelphia in May 1775 |
| Continental Army | Military force that would carry out the fight against Britain |
| George Washington | A Virginian named to command the Army |
| Battle of Bunker Hill | Proved the colonists could take on the British |
| "Common Sense" | A 47 page pamphlet published in January 1776 that urged separation from Great Britain |
| Thomas Paine | The Author of "Common Sense" |
| Thomas Jefferson | Main author of the Declaration of Independence |
| Declaration of Independence | Formally announced the colonies' break from Great Britain |
| Patriots | Chose to fight for independence |
| Loyalists | Remained loyal to Britain |
| Mercenaries | Foreign soldiers who fight not out of loyalty but for pay |
| Battle of Trenton | An important patriot victory |
| Battle of Saratoga | Greatest victory yet for the American forces |
| Marquis de LaFayette | A young French nobleman who declared that "the welfare of America is closely bound up with the welfare of mankind." |
| Bernardo de Galvez | The governor of Spanish Louisiana |
| John Paul Jones | A brave and clever sailor who battled the British at sea until they surrendered |
| George Rogers Clark | Spent years exploring and mapping the western frontier |
| Francis Marion | Patriot warrior who was the best at guerilla warfare |
| Comte de Rochambeau | Led 2500 of Cornwallis's troops and 4000 French troops |
| Battle of Yorktown | The last major battle of the American Revolution |
| Treaty of Paris 1783 | Great Britain recognized the independence of the United States. |
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