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TExES History
Native Americans and Exploration
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| First Native Americans | Aztecs, Mayas, Incas |
| How/why did the First Native Americans come to the new land? | They came through the Bering Strait-a body of water which froze over. They came following their hunt-the wooly mammoth, the sabertooth tiger,etc. |
| Where were the Aztecs located? | The Aztecs settled in Central Mexico; conquered by Hernan Cortes |
| Where were the Mayas located? | The Mayas were settled in the tip of Mexico (the Yucatan Peninsula) and Central America. |
| Where the Incas located? | The Incas were settled in the Western part of South America in Ecuador and Northern Chile; conquered by Fernando Pizarro |
| What did the first Native Americans contribute? | Aztecs-the calendar (math), farming methods, construction-building the pyramids; Mayas-numbers 0 and 1; writing symbols, irrigation system, governing system, pyramids; Incas-pyramids, civilizations, astronomy-study of the solar system; religion |
| What happened to the first Native Americans? | Spaniards-Hernan Cortes came and conquered them; many died from illnesses brought by the Spaniards; Cortes took their gold, silver, minerals, and their land. |
| Native Americans of the United States regions... | Northwest, Southwest, Plains, Northeast, and Southeast |
| Northwest Native Americans... | fishermen, hunters, farmers; built longhouses; made Totem Poles to tell their family history and canoes; found along West Canada, Washington, Oregon, Northern California |
| Southwest Native Americans... | gatherers, farmers,; built pueblo homes/looked like apartment; made pottery, basket weavers, made Kachina dolls to exemplify their leaders; found in Colorado, Arizona, New Mexico, West Texas |
| Plains Native Americans... | hunted the buffalo, farmers; lived in teepees to move around/they were nomads; made elaborate headdresses, bows/arrows, travois; found in Central United States along the way to the Texas Panhandle |
| Northeast and Southeast Native Americans... | fishermen, farmers, hunters for furs; built longhouses; made beaded belts that told a story, slash and burn method to make canoes; found along the east coast of the United States |
| How many and how long ago were the Native Americans in the United States? | about 10 million Native Americans lived in the United States about 11 million years ago |
| Who were the super powers during the Exploration period? | Spain, England/Britain, and France |
| What did Spain claim? | Spain claimed what is now Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, California, Mexico, Central and South America |
| What did England/Britain claim? | colonies in the Caribbean, and 13 colonies along the east coast of America |
| What did France claim? | Canada, land around the Great Lakes, land along the Mississippi River |
| Reasons for Europe Exploration... | Trade, to Map the new land, Treasure, to Christianize the Native Americans, and to claim Land |
| Christopher Columbus | 1492, 1493, 1498-explored for Spain; landed in S. America, the Bahamas; opened up cultural exchange/trade |
| Alonso Alvarez De Pineda | 1519-explored for Spain; explored Texas, the Gulf Coast-Florida, Alabama, Louisiana, Texas and Mexico |
| Alvar Nunez Cabeza De Vaca | 1527-explored for Spain; was stranded in Florida, shipwrecked on Louisiana coast; went to Texas; was captured by the Caddo Indians; first to write about the cities of gold-Cibola |
| Francisco Vasquez de Coronado and Hernando de Soto | 1540-1542-explored for Spain; looking for the cities of gold-Cibola; traveled to the Texas Panhandle; first one to see Palo Duro Canyon; went home empty handed |
| Sieur de La Salle | 1682-1685-explored for France; claimed land in Canada and both sides of the Mississippi River; started settlements along the south of Louisiana by the Gulf Coast and Galveston area of Texas |
| John Smith | 1607-explored for England; first permanent English colony named Jamestown; over half the settlers died the first 6 months; Pocahontas saved his life when her father wanted to have him killed |
| Plymouth Rock, Massachusetts | 1620-explored for England; pilgrims came on the Mayflower; |
| Roger Williams | Englishman who established Rhode Island for religious freedom |
| William Penn | Englishman who established Pennsylvania for Quakers who opposed violence, slavery, and war; very peaceful people |
| William Bradford | 1621-2nd governor of Plymouth Colony; ordered the First Thanksgiving with the Wampanoag Indians |
| Pocahontas | Daughter of Chief of the Powhatan Indians; convinced her father to spare John Smith's life; went to live in England with her husband-John Rolfe |
| John Rolfe | Englishman married Pocahontas; member of Jamestown; started the tobacco industry; took his wife-Pocahontas back to England |
| Squanto | Pawtuxet Indian who taught the Pilgrims at Plymouth how to hunt, fish and grow crops. |
| The Mayflower Compact | an agreement written on the Mayflower to establish the governing laws of the new colonies |
| Missions, Presidiosm(forts), and Early Towns | Spanish built these in the 1740s to protect their claims in Texas |
Created by:
cebarr
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