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Respiration-Physio
Physiological Processes of the Respiratory Sytem
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| respiration | exchange of gas between an organism and its environment |
| inspiration | bring oxygen to the cells of the body by breathing in |
| expiration | eliminate waste products by breathing out |
| air pressure | force exerted on walls of a chamber by molecules of air |
| positive pressure | air molecules keep distance from other air molecules based on molecular charge; in this state, molecules are farther apart than the molecular charge would dictate |
| negative pressure | air molecules keep distance from other air molecules based on molecular charge; in this state, molecules are closer together than the molecular charge would dictate |
| vertical dimension | contraction of the diaphragm causes expansion in this dimension |
| transverse dimension | elevation of the rib cage causes expansion in this dimension |
| passive expiration | air leaves the lungs under three forces |
| active expiration | requires the muscles of thorax, back and upper limb, as well as the abdominal muscles to act on the lungs indirectly to “squeeze” the air out of them |
| active expiration | muscles work to pull the thorax down and in (decreasing the transverse dimension) and to expand the diaphragm higher into the thorax (decreasing the vertical dimension) |
| torque | twisting motion of a shaft while not permitting one end to move; force that causes ribcage to return to resting position after elevation using the accessory muscles of inspiration |
| elasticity | tendency of the lungs to return to an unexpanded state, tendency of the abdominal muscles to relax into unstretched state and reverse contraction of the diaphragm |
| minute volume | the volume of air involved in one minute of respiration (quiet breathing) |
| quiet tidal respiration | normal, at rest respiration |
| volume | measured by partitioning off the respiratory system to get an accurate estimate of the amount of air each compartment can hold; discrete amounts |
| capacity | refers to combination of volumes that express physiological limits; represents functional combinations of volumes; more functional units |
| alveolar pressure | also known as pulmonic pressure, pressure that is present within an individual alveolus |
| intrapleural pressure | pressure in the space between the linings of the lungs and the ribcage; pressure will be negative throughout respiration and when one attempts to separate the visceral and parietal linings |
| subglottal pressure | pressure below the vocal folds |
| intraoral pressure | pressure within the mouth |
| atmospheric pressure | reference point in discussions of the respiratory system; it treated as a constant zero against which to compare respiratory pressures |
Created by:
sullivancl
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