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Chapter 5
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Polis | a city-state of ancient Greece |
| Acropolis | a walled, high area surrounding a polis |
| Agora | a open area in ancient Greece that served as a meeting and a market place |
| Helots | in ancient Greece, they were state slaves |
| Hoplites | foot soldiers in ancient Greece |
| Hubris | great pride |
| Democracy | a government run by the people |
| Solon | Athenian statesman; he introduced the first civil democracy in Greece. |
| Tyrant | a strong man who seized power by force and claimed the role for the good of the people |
| Cleisthenes | ancient Greek ruler often called the ¨father of democracy¨. |
| Direct Democracy | the type of governing system where all people vote directly on an issue |
| Archon | a chief of state of ancient Athens |
| Phalanx | a military formation composed of rows of soldiers standing shoulder to shoulder carrying pikes or heavy spears |
| Pericles | Athenian statesmen; he encouraged the spread of democracy in Athens and the growth of the city-state´s power |
| Socrates | Greek philosopher of Athens; his teaching style was based on questions |
| Plato | Greek philosopher; a student of Socrates he started in a school called the Academy. |
| Aristotle | Greek philosopher and student of Plato;he taught that logic was the tool for any necessary inquiry |
| Reason | clear and ordered thinking |
| Logic | the process of making innferences |
| Homer | Greek poet; he wrote epic poems which tell stories set during and after the Trojan War |
| Lyric Poetry | a type of poetry that gained its name from the lyre,and instrument that played while the poetry was sung |
| Herodotus | Greek historian; his most famous work is The Histories, which describes major events of the Persian Wars |
| Thucydides | Greek historian of the Athens; he wrote The History of the Peloponnesian War |
| Alexander the Great | King of Macedon and conqueror of much of Asia; he is considered one of the greatest generals of all time |
| Hellenistic | the bleeding of Greek cultures with those of Persia,Egypt, and Central Asia following the conquests of Alexander the Great |
| Euclid | Greek geometer; he created practical books on geometric forms and mathematics |
| Eratosthenes | Greek astronomer and geographer; he calculated the circumference of the globe |
| Archimedas | Greek mathematician and inventor;he was known for his work in geometry |
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