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16 Cold War
US History
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The name for the Eastern European nations (countries between Germany and Soviet Union) controlled by the Soviet Union after WWII. These states acted as buffer between the communist Soviet Union and the democratic Western nations. | satellite states |
| The 46-year rivalry between the United States and Soviet Union. Both nations worked to spread their political and economic ideology to other nations and increase their global influence. The superpowers never faced off in a hot conflict face to face. | Cold War |
| A term coined by Churchill to describe the border that separated communist Soviet Union and its satellite states in the east and democratic Western Europe. | Iron Curtain |
| US President’s promise to help nations struggling against communist movements often supported by the Soviet Union. This was one of his attempts to contain the spread of communism. | Truman Doctrine |
| The policy of keeping communism from spreading into new areas of the world. This policy was adopted because the US believed Stalin sought a world wide communist revolution. | containment |
| US foreign policy that offered economic aid to Western Europe after WWII – goal was to keep depression from happening again and stabilize the economies of European nations so they would not fall to communism. | Marshall Plan |
| The US gave 400 million in aid to help these nations stop communist revolutions. This was the United States first attempt to contain communism. | Aid to Turkey and Greece |
| In 1948, Stalin tried force the US and its allies to give up the Western portion of Berlin by blockading supplies into West Berlin. In response, the US and British pilots flew and dropped supplies to West Berlin. | Berlin Airlift |
| A military alliance formed in response to the Soviet's growing influence in Eastern Europe. The organization used the idea of collective security by stating an attack on one of the members would be seen as an attack on all. | North Atlantic Treaty Organization |
| A military alliance of the Soviet Union and its satellite states – formed in response to NATO | Warsaw Pact |
| The Nationalist leader of China who lost a civil war against communist forces – received limited support from the US | Chiang Kai-Shek |
| The Communist leader of China supported by the Soviet Union. The US and Western members of the United Nations will refuse to recognize his rule in China for 30 years | Mao Zedong |
| The dividing line between communist North Korea and non-communist South Korea | 38th Parallel |
| President during most of the Korean War. | Harry S. Truman |
| World War II war hero and US general who lead the attack north of the 38th parallel – provoked China into intervening in Korea. Truman will fire him due to this person's push for total war in Korea | Douglas MacArthur |
| Truman’s policy in Korea once China became involved because he feared it would lead to another world war | limited war |
| Defense alliance aimed at preventing the spread of communism in Southeast Asia | Southeast Asia Treaty Organization |
| a contest in which nations compete to build more powerful weapons | arms race |
| policy in which the US and Soviet Union hoped to deter nuclear war by building up enough weapons to destroy one another (have so many weapons each side is scared to attack) | MAD-mutually assured destruction |
| Eisenhower’s Secretary of State helped develop that policy of massive retaliation and believed that brinkmanship was needed to protect its allies and discourage communist aggression. | John Foster Dulles |
| the US threat to use crushing, overwhelming force, perhaps even nuclear weapons to defend itself and allies. | massive retaliation |
| belief that only by going to the brink of war could the US protect itself against communist aggression. | brinkmanship |
| Soviet leader who came to power after Stalin’s death. Although a determined opponent of the US, he inched toward more peaceful relations with the democratic West. | Nakita Khrushchev |
| to place a resource under government control -usually applies to a nation regaining control over a resource that a foreign government or company control of - ex. Oil wells in the Middle Eastern nation owned by a British company | nationalization |
| attempt by France and Great Britain to seize control of the Suez Canal in 1956 after the Egyptian leader nationalized the Suez Canal which blocked the flow of oil from the Middle East to Western Europe. | Suez Crisis |
| policy of US President that stated that the US would use force to help any Middle Eastern nation threatened by communism. | Eisenhower Doctrine |
| intelligence-gathering organization created in 1947. It did covert operations to protect American interest even if it was not in the best interest of others. | Central Intelligence Agency |
| created as a result of Soviet Union’s launch of Sputnik I. The agency coordinated efforts of American science and military. | National Aeronautics and Space Administration |
| This act provided 1 billion or education because the US believed there was an urgent need to train Americans in science, technology, languages, and other essential skills for Cold War defense. | National Defense Education Act |
| The fear that communists were working to destroy the American way of life. The one in the one in the 1940s and 50s lasted much long than the earlier on in the 1920s. | Red Scare |
| The law that made it unlawful to teach or advocate the violent overthrow of the United States government. | Smith Act |
| Congressional committee that investigated possible subversive activities within the United States. | House of Un-American Activities Committee |
| The group of movie writers, directors, and producers who refuse to answer HUAC questions about communist ties and were imprisoned. | Hollywood Ten |
| A list of persons who were not hired because of suspected communist ties. | blacklisted |
| An American government official who was accused of being a Soviet spy in 1948, convicted of perjury after lying in Congressional hearings. | Alger Hiss |
| A married couple convicted of conspiracy to commit espionage in 1951 and executed. | Julius and Ethel Rosenberg |
| A Wisconsin Senator known for extreme, reckless accusations of disloyalty during the 2nd Red Scare. | Joseph McCarthy |
| A catchword for extreme, reckless charges of disloyalty. | McCarthyism |
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CoachKellie