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AP US Chapters 7-12
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| date of Boston Massacre | 1770 |
| date of townshend acts | 1767 |
| date of tea act | 1773 |
| date of intolerable acts | 1774 |
| date of battles of lexington and concord | 1775 |
| date of first continental congress | 1774 |
| date of quebec act | 1774 |
| date of boston tea party | 1773 |
| date of constitutional convention | 1787 |
| virtual representation | American’s rebelled at the Stamp act and yelled “no taxation without representation”. Grenville said “virtual representation” in which every Parliament remembered represented ALL British subjects |
| mercantilism | the colony exists for the good of the mother country |
| colonial privateers | “legal pirates”; brought gold, harassed enemy, raised American morale by giving U.S victories at a time with very few |
| Declaration of Independence | Congress appointed Thomas Jefferson to list grievances to King George III explaining why colonists had the right to revolt. His “explanation” of independence was also the natural rights of our human kind. Not approved until July 4, 1776. |
| Shay's Rebellion | impoverished backcountry revolutionary war veterans, were losing farms through mortgage foreclosure and tax delinquencies. Daniel Shays demanded cheap paper, lighter taxes, and a suspension of property takeover. He raised a small army and they were crus |
| Electoral college | method of electing the president indirectly |
| great compromise | Congress would have two houses; the House of Representatives (were representatives based on population) and the Senate where each state (where each got 2 representatives). |
| 3/5's compromise | in situation where slaves weren’t citizens but should they count in apportioning direct taxes in according representation in the House of Representatives? The out come was that each slave would be equal to three-fifths a person. |
| the preamble | Written by the Committee on Independence in 1776, the Preamble to the Declaration of Independence states that "all men are created equal," and are furthermore allotted unalienable rights by God. Moreover, it is believed that this is a statement of faith d |
| pickney treaty | (with Spain) gave Americans free navigation of the Mississippi and the large disputed territory north of Florida. |
| jay's treaty | Washington sends Chief Justice John Jay to London in 1794 to say that British would evacuate U.S soil, would pay for damages to seizure in American ships, and U.S give British debts from previous revolutions. |
| alien and sedition acts | unconstitutional acts (Alien act = president deport dangerous aliens during peacetime and jail them during times of war) (Sedition act=anyone who impeded policies of government or falsely defamed its officials would be fined or imprisoned) |
| Virginia and Kentucky resolutions | Madison and Jefferson in Virginia and Kentucky stressed compact theory of 13 states with federal government, their legislation nullified Sedition and Alien laws, wanted to end Federalists abuse. |
| Hamiltionian philosophy | (federalists); strong central government; crush things like Shay’s Rebellion; Government supported enterprise; Pro-British in foreign affairs; Mildly loyalist |
| jeffersonian philosophy | (anti-federalists/democratic republicans); middle class and underprivileged; best government is one that governs least; bulk power with the states; central authority; agrarians; agriculture for economy; rule of people FOR the people; freedom of speech/uni |
| XYZ Affair | John Adams sent 3 people to France, where they’d were approached by 3 agents who tried to get a bribe of $250,000 just for talking to Talleyrand. |
| judicial review | Supreme court could determine the constitutionality of laws |
| Marbury vs. Madison | William Marbury one of John Adam’s last minute judges during his presidency, Madison (secretary of state) said he was shelved of a position, William Marbury went to court and this defined JUDICIAL REVIEW (supreme court has the official interpretations of |
| impressment | Arbitrary seizure of goods or individuals by a government or its agents for public services. |
| macon's bill | permitted American trade with the world, also promised American restoration of trade to France and/or England if either dropped their commercial restrictions. |
| rush-bagot agreement | between Britain and the United States; severely limited naval armament on the lakes. |
| loose construction | loosely interpret the constitution (so that the national government gets more power) |
| strict construction | follows the constitution strict (more state power) |
| treaty of 1818 | Put northern boundary of the Louisiana purchase at the 49th parallel and provided for a 10 year joint occupation of the Oregon Territory with Britain, without a surrender of rights by neither America nor Britain. |
| Why did the British parliament pass the stamp act? | British parliament passed the Stamp Act to discourage colonists sending important documents |
| What were the colonists rejecting with the phrase, "No taxation without representation?" | When rejecting the phrased “no taxation without representation” they were saying how they didn’t like that parliament taxed them but they weren’t represented by them. |
| What was the main purpose of the Committees of Correspondence? | Their chief function was to spread propaganda and info by interchanging letters and thus keep alive opposition to British policy |
| Why did Parliament repeal the stamp act? | Parliament repealed the Stamp Act because the colonists were boycotting it. |
| What did the colonists do to show their distaste for the stamp act? | To show the colonists distaste for the Stamp Act, they boycotted it. |
| What were the reasons why the colonists disliked the mercantile system? | The reasons colonists disliked the Mercantile System was because they were used to being autonomous. |
| Why was the Battle of Saratoga so important? | it made possible the needed aid from France; it was the turning point |
| According to Thomas Paine, where should government get their authority from? | the people |
| who is known as "the father of the constitution"? | James Madison |
| what were the main reasons the anti-federalists were opposed to the constitution? | They believed that it was antidemocratic; the sovereignty of the states was being submerged; freedoms of the individuals were jeopardized by the absence of a bill of rights |
| the major leaders present and absent at the philadelphia convention | Those Present: Washington, Franklin, Madison, Hamilton Those Absent: Jefferson, John Adams, Thomas Paine, Samuel Adams, Hancock, Patrick Henry |
| what is the significance of shay's rebellion? | It struck fear in the hearts of the propertied class, who began to suspect that the Revolution had created a monster of “mobocracy.” |
| Hamilton's financial plan | His plan was to shape the fiscal policies of the administration in such a way as to favor the wealthier groups. They, in return, would lend the government monetary and moral support. The new federal regime would thrive, the propertied classes would fatte |
| According to Hamilton, what would be a benefit of a limited national debt? | Hamilton said that if they assumed the state debts, the states would be closer to the national government. |
| what impact did john marshall have on the supreme court? | He created federal review and made government more centralized. |
| how did president jefferson deal with the violation of our neutrality and our attempt tp stay out of the war? | embargo act |
| The delegates at the Constitutional Convention stipulated that the new Constitution be ratified by.... | State Conventions |
| The Constitutional Convention was called to... | revise the articles of confederation |
| Shay's Rebellion was provoked by... | foreclosures on the mortgages of backcountry farmers |
| Originally, the one branch of gov't elected directly by the people was the... | Legislative branch |
| The Constitutional Convention addressed the North-South Controversy over slavery through... | the 3/5 compromise |
| The Northwest Ordinance established a procedure for.... | Governing the Old Northwest Territory |
| Shay's Rebellion convinced many Americans of the need for... | a stronger central gov't |
| The Founding Fathers failed to eliminate slavery because... | it would destroy national unity |
| The Great Compromise at the Constitutional Convention worked out an acceptable scheme for... | apportioning congressional representation |
| The new constitution did not provide for the creation of a... | cabinet |
| The Bill of Rights was intended to protect____ against the potential tyranny of _______. | individual liberties; strong central gov't |
| Hamilton's financial plan for strengthening the economy and bolstering national credit proposed all of the following except... | abolishing tarrifs |
| The US acquired free navigation of the Mississippi River in the.... | Pickney Treaty |
| The main purpose of the Alien & Sedition Acts was to... | silence and punish critics of the Federalists |
| The Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions were written in response to... | The Alien and Sedition Acts |
| Hamiltonian Federalists advocated... | a strong central gov't |
| As Chief Justice of the US, John Marshall helped to ensure that... | the political and economic systems were based on a strong central gov't |
| Marbury vs. Madison involved the question of... | who had the right to declare an act of Congress unconstitutional |
| Jefferson received the bulk of his support from... | the south and west |
| In 1800, Jefferson was chosen President by the... | House of Representatives |
| By 1810, the most insistent demand for a declaration of war against Britain came from... | The West and Southwest |
| The Rush-Bagot Agreement... | limited naval arrangements on the Great Lakes |
| In interpreting the constitution, John Marshall favored... | loose construction |
| The Battle of New Orleans... | saw British troops defeated by Andrew Jackson's soldiers |
| Originally, the Monroe Doctrine was... | incapable of being enforced by the US |
| The tariff of 1816 was the first in American history that... | aimed to protect American industry |
| One of the most important by-products of the War of 1812 was... | a heightened spirit on nationalism |
| John Marshall uttered his famous legal dictum that "the power to tax involves the power to destroy" in... | McCulloch vs. Maryland |
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eshaw1193
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