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| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Assimilate | take in (information, ideas, or culture) and understand fully. |
| Americanization | The Americanization movement was a nationwide organized effort in the 1910s to bring millions of recent immigrants into the American cultural system. |
| Robber barons | a person who has become rich through ruthless and unscrupulous business practices (originally with reference to prominent US businessmen in the late 19th century). |
| Captains of industry | In the late 19th century a captain of industry was a business leader whose means of amassing a personal fortune contributed positively to the country in some way. This may have been through increased productivity, expansion of markets, providing more jobs |
| Philanthropy | the desire to promote the welfare of others, expressed especially by the generous donation of money to good causes |
| Monopoly | A monopoly is characterized by a lack of competition, which can mean higher prices and inferior products. |
| Economics | the social science that studies the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services. Economics focuses on the behaviour and interactions of economic agents and how economies work. |
| Entrepreneurship | the process of designing, launching and running a new business, which is often initially a small business. The people who create these businesses are called entrepreneurs. |
| Trusts | historical sense to refer to monopolies or near-monopolies in the United States during the Second Industrial Revolution in the 19th century and early 20th century. |
| Social Darwinism | the theory that individuals, groups, and peoples are subject to the same Darwinian laws of natural selection as plants and animals. |
| Nativist | a policy of favoring native inhabitants as opposed to immigrants |
| Social gospel | a powerful and broad religious movement in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries that advocated many social reforms and whose ideas about social justice continue to influence policy today |
| Ethnically homogeneous | that everyone in the area or group has a similar ethnic background it people all come from ancestry, there is not large variety of cultures |
| Political boss/ political machine | political group in which an authoritative boss or small group commands the support of a corps of supporters and businesses, who receive rewards for their efforts. |
| Infrastructure | the basic facilities and installations that help a government or community run, including roads, schools, phone lines, sewage treatment plants and power generation. |
| Urban | pertaining to, or designating a city or town; living in a city; characteristic of or accustomed to cities; citified." |
| Rural | in, relating to, or characteristic of the countryside rather than the town. |
| Political corruption | Political corruption is the use of powers by government officials or their network contacts for illegitimate private gain |
| Segregation | the action or state of setting someone or something apart from other people or things or being set apart. |
| Industrialization | the development of industries in a country or region on a wide scale. |
| Labor union | an organized association of workers, often in a trade or profession, formed to protect and further their rights and interests. |
| Entrepreneur | one who undertakes, manages, and assumes the risk of a new enterprise |
| Free enterprise | an economic system in which private business operates in competition and largely free of state control. |
| Inflation | a general increase in prices and fall in the purchasing value of money |
| Liberty | Civil liberties in the United States are certain unalienable rights retained by citizens of the United States under the Constitution of the United States, as interpreted and clarified by the Supreme Court of the United States and lower federal courts. |
| Laissez Fair | A policy which allowed businesses to operate under minimal government regulation |
| Egalitarianism | is a school of thought that prioritizes equality for all people. Egalitarian doctrines maintain that all humans are equal in fundamental worth or social status. Egalitarianism is a trend of thought in political philosophy |
| Individualism | it is the belief and practice that every person is unique and self-reliant. A belief in individualism also implies that you believe that the government should bud out of your individual affairs. |
| Populism | is a belief in the power of regular people, and in their right to have control over their government rather than a small group of political insiders or a wealthy elite. |
| Isolationism | A policy of remaining apart from the affairs or interest of other groups especially the political affairs of other countries |
| Interventionism | A policy of nondefensive activity undertaken by nation state |
| Temperance | Abstinence from alcohol drinks |
| Civil service | A person employed in the public sector on behalf of a government department or agency |
| Reform | Make changes and something social political or economic in order to improve it |
| Suffrage | The right to vote in political elections |
| Settlement house | An institution in an inner-city area providing educational recreational another social services to the community |
| Conservation | The movement to preserve and protect America is wildlife wildlands another natural resources |
| The jungle | Novel written that the portrays the harsh conditions and explores the lives of immigrants in the United States |
| Initiative | The process it enable citizens to bypass their state legislator by placing her post statuses and in some cases constitutional amendments on the ballot |
| Referendum | Allow citizens of many US states to place new legislation on a popular ballot |
| Recall | Voters to remove an elective official from office from a direct vote before that officials term has ended |
| Muckraker | Term used to describe reform minded American journalist who attacked establish institutions |
| Imperialism | Policy of extending a countries power and influence through diplomacy or military force |
| Anti- imperialism | Oppose the expansion because he believed imperialism violated the credo of Republicanism especially the need for consent of the governed |
| Anglo-saxonism | Term used to describe any member of the Germanic peoples from the fifth century |
| Yellow journalism | Journalism that is based upon sensationalism and crude exaggeration |
| Expansion | The action of becoming larger or more extensive |
| Manifest destiny | The believe that the expansion of the US throughout the American cotton it was both justified and inevitable |
| Foreign policy | Keeping communism from spreading beyond the countries already under its influence |
| Big stick policy | Roosevelts saying âspeak softly and carry a big stick, you will go farâ |
| Dollar diplomacy | The use of the countries financial power to extend its international influence |
| Panama Canal | One away that connects the Atlantic and Pacific |
| Fourteen Points | a statement of principles for peace that was to be used for peace negotiations in order to end World War I. |
| Treaty of Versailles | was the most important of the peace treaties that brought World War I to an end. |
| Eugenics | beliefs and practices that aim to improve the genetic quality of a human population by excluding certain genetic groups judged to be inferior |
| War bonds | are debt securities issued by a government to finance military operations and other expenditure in times of war |
| Victory gardens | also called war gardens or food gardens for defense, were vegetable, fruit, and herb gardens planted at private residences and public parks in the United States |
| Tin Pan Alley | the name given to the collection of New York City music publishers and songwriters who dominated the popular music of the United States in the late 19th century and early 20th century |
| Zimmerman Telegram | was a secret diplomatic communication issued from the German Foreign Office in January 1917 that proposed a military alliance between Germany and Mexico |
| Island hopping | was a military strategy employed by the Allies in the Pacific War against Japan and the Axis powers during World War II. |
| Embargo | 1807 was a general embargo on all foreign nations enacted by the United States Congress against Great Britain and France during the Napoleonic War |
| Manhattan Project | research and development undertaking during World War II that produced the first nuclear weapons |
| Internment camps | DescriptionThe internment of Japanese Americans in the United States during World War II was the forced relocation and incarceration in concentration camps in the western interior of the country |
| Propaganda | information that is not objective and is used primarily to influence an audience and further an agenda |
| Rationing | During World War II all sorts of essential and non-essential foods were rationed, as well as clothing, furniture and petrol. |
| Speakeasy | is an illicit establishment that sells alcoholic beverages. |
| Immigration quotas | limited the number of immigrants allowed entry into the United States through a national origins quota. |
| Buying on margin | is borrowing money from a broker to purchase stock. |
| Hoovervilles | was a shanty town built during the Great Depression by the homeless in the United States of America. |
| Court packing | Court-packing plan was proposed to increase the number of U.S. Supreme Court justices from nine to fifteen. |
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