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Legislations/Cases
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| U.S. Constitution | The supreme law of the United States that explains the frame of government. |
| Bill of Rights | The first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution |
| 1st Amendment | Prevents the government from creating laws interfering with freedom of speech, freedom of religion, freedom of assembly, and freedom of the press. |
| 2nd Amendment | Protects the right of the people to keep and bear arms |
| 4th Amendment | Prohibits unreasonable searches and seizures of people’s property. |
| 5th Amendment | Protects people from being held for committing a crime unless you have been correctly indicted by the police. |
| 6th Amendment | Gives the accused of a criminal case the right to a speedy and public trial by an impartial jury of the State. |
| 7th Amendment | Gives the accused of a civil case the right to a jury trial in certain civil cases. |
| 8th Amendment | Prohibits the government from imposing excessive bail, excessive fines, or cruel and unusual punishments. |
| 10th Amendment | Any power not given to the federal government is given to the States or the people. |
| 13th Amendment | No slavery or involuntary servitude shall exist within the United States. |
| 14th Amendment | All people born or naturalized in the United States are citizens of the United States and of the State they reside in. |
| 15th Amendment | The rights of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied by account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. |
| Pacific Railroad Act | A series of acts of Congress that promoted the construction of a transcontinental railroad in the US. |
| Homestead Act | An act that granted families land for a minimal fee and 5 years of continuous residence on that land. |
| Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 | An act that prohibited all immigration of Chinese laborers. |
| Munn vs. Illinois | A United States Supreme Court case in which the Court upheld the power of government to regulate private industries. |
| Dawes Act | An act that granted land to individual Native Americans in hopes of assimilating them to become like white Americans. |
| Interstate Commerce Act | A federal law that was designed to regulate the railroad industry, specifically it’s monopolistic practices. |
| Sherman Antitrust Act | An antitrust law to regulate competition among enterprises and outlawed monopolistic business practices. |
| 16th Amendment | Congress shall have the power to collect income taxes from all Americans. |
| 17th Amendment | The US Senate shall be composed of two elected Senators from each state who will have one vote. |
| 18th Amendment | An amendment that prohibited “intoxicating liquors” from America until 21 years of age. |
| 19th Amendment | The right of citizens to vote shall not be denied because of their sex. |
| Pendleton Act | Enacted in 1883, this Act gave positions in the federal government to people who were worthy and skilled enough, not for political affiliations. |
| Pure Food and Drug Act | A law to prohibited harmful or misrepresented food from the market.u |
| Clayton Antitrust Act | An act further fight against the trust system and end competition in American companies. |
| Open Door Policy | A US policy that allows open trade to all countries in China, but they didn’t ask China if that was ok. |
| Roosevelt Corollary | An addition to the Monroe Doctrine that President Roosevelt created stating that America has the right to send military forces to Latin countries to stop European countries from coming in. |
| Executive Order 9066 | An order given by the president to remove all Japanese Americans to camps. |
| Federal Reserve Act of 1913 | An act by Congress to create the federal reserve bank, the central banking system of America. |
| Selective Service Act | Authorized the United States to create a national army through conscription. (The draft) |
| Social Security Act | An act that established a welfare by a system of old age benefits. |
| Agricultural Adjustment Act | An act established in the New Deal to increase agriculture prices by reducing surpluses. |
| Plessy v. Ferguson | A landmark Supreme Court decision that upheld the constitutionality of segregation. |
| Schenck v. United States | A landmark Supreme Court decision that defended the Espionage Act against Schenck, who posted posters convincing people to fight the draft. |
| Scopes Trial | A trial against a high school substitute teacher, John T. Scopes, that he tried to teach kids the Theory of Evolution, which went against Tennessee’s Butler Law. |
| Sacco and Vanzetti Trials | Trials against falsely accused Italian men for murder that led to their execution. |
| The New Deal | A series of programs, public work projects and regulations started by FDR to help the United States out of the Great Depression. |
| Cash and Carry | A United States policy to allow the selling of arms to other countries as long as they paid immediately. |
| Lend-Lease | A United States policy where Allied countries like Britain and the Soviet Union could use US military weapons without immediate compensation. |
| American Indian Citizenship Act of 1924 | Granted citizenship to Native Americans born in the US. |
| 21st Amendment | Repealed the 18th Amendment of the Constitution that prohibited alcohol. |
| 22nd Amendment | No person shall be elected President more than twice. |
| 24th Amendment | Prohibited the poll tax to vote in an election. |
| 26th Amendment | Made the voting age 18 years old. |
| Marshall Plan | An initiative that gave $12 billion to help rebuild Western Europe. |
| Truman Doctrine | An American foreign policy to counter any Soviet geopolitical expansion to other countries. |
| War Powers Act | Intended to check the power or the President. |
| Gulf of Tonkin Resolution | Authorized President Johnson to take any measures to make peace with the Southwest Asian region. |
| Civil Rights Act of 1964 | An act that outlawed discrimination based on race, sex and religion. |
| Voting Rights Act of 1965 | Prohibited racial discrimination in voting. |
| Equal Rights Amendment | a proposed amendment that civil rights can’t be denied based on sex. |
| USA PATRIOT Act | An act that granted greater to intercepting communications after the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks. |
| SALT I and SALT II | A treaty between the US and the Soviet Union promising to stop building nuclear ballistic missiles. (Strategic Arms Limitations Race) |
| Title IX (“Title Nine”) | A federal civil rights act that prohibited exclusion or discrimination from education programs that are funded by federal financial assistance. |
| NAFTA | An agreement between North American countries like the US, Mexico and Canada to remove barriers between trade the three countries. |
| GI Bill | A bill that provided benefits to veterans returning from World War II. |
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KacenG
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