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People/Organization
Term | Definition |
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The Grange | A farmers’ association organized in 1867 that sponsored social activities, community services and political lobbying. |
Exodusters | African Americans who migrated from states along the Mississippi River to Kansas in the late 19th century. |
Andrew Carnegie | A Scottish-American industrialist that led the expansion of the American steel industry in the late 19th century. |
John D. Rockefeller | An American oil industry business magnate who created the leading oil company in America during the late 19th century. |
Terence Powderly | An American labor union leader who was the head of the Knights of Labor in the late 1880s. |
Samuel Gompers | An American Labor union leader who founded the American Federation of Labor and served as the organization’s president. |
Eugene Debs | An American socialist, political activist and one of the founding members of the Industrial Workers of the World. |
Knights of Labor | An American labor federation that was meant to protect its members from employer retaliation. |
American Federation of Labor | A national federation of labor unions that was founded by an alliance of craft unions disaffected from the Knights of Labor. |
Populist Party | A political movement by farmers in the South and Midwest against Democratic and Republican parties for ignoring their interests and difficulties. |
Boss Tweed | An American politician who was the “boss” of Tammany Hall. |
Upton Sinclair | A well-known American author who wrote books that criticized capitalism and labor conditions. |
Ida B. Wells | An African American investigative journalist who was an early leader in the civil rights movement. |
Susan B. Anthony | An American social reformer who was an important part of the women’s sufferage movement. |
WEB DuBois | An African American sociologist who was the first African American to graduate with a doctorate. One the first leaders of the civil rights movement. |
William Jennings Bryan | An American politician who was nominated to run for US President three times. Named the “Great Commoner” for his faith in the common people. |
Theodore Roosevelt | 26th American President who was a Rough Rider. He was an environmentalist. |
Robert LaFollette | An American politician and lawyer who was governor of Wisconsin. |
Jacob Riis | An American-Danish social reformer and “muckraker.” Published “How the Other Half Lives.” |
Booker T. Washington | American educator who was a dominant leader in the African American community. |
Jane Addams | A pioneer American settlement activist and leader in women’s sufferage. |
Frances Willard | An American women’s suffergist who became president of the Women’s Christian Temperance Union. |
Henry Cabot Lodge | An American Republican senator from Massachusetts. |
Alfred Thayer Mahan | A U.S. naval officer who was called “the most important American strategist of the 19th century.” |
Sanford B. Dole | A lawyer in the Hawaiian islands. He was President of the Rupublic of Hawaii until it’s annexation into the U.S. |
NAACP | A civil rights organization to advance justice for African Americans. |
William Taft | He was the 27th president during 1910s and served in the Supreme Court after his term ended. |
Woodrow Wilson | The 28th president of the United States from 1913 to 1921. |
John J. Pershing | A senior United States Army officer and was commander of the AEF. |
American Expeditionary Forces | An American army force sent to Europe to launch an offensive on Germany. |
Tuskegee Airmen | A group of African American military pilots who fought in WWII. |
Flying Tigers | An American and Chinese Air Force recruited by President Roosevelt. |
Navajo Code Talkers | People who were to speak in an obscure language to tell military secrets without risk of being intercepted by enemy forces. |
Franklin Roosevelt | The 32nd president of the United States during WWII. |
League of Nations | An international organization whose goal was to maintain world peace. |
Clarence Darrow | An American lawyer and a leading member of the American Civil Liberties Union. |
KKK | An American white supremacist group that supports the superiority of white people. |
Vernon Baker | An American Army first lieutenant and infantry platoon leader during WWII. |
Douglas MacArthur | An American five-star general and was Chief of Staff during WWII. |
Dwight Eisenhower | The 34th president of the United States and supreme commander of the AEF during WWII. |
Harry Truman | The 33rd president of the United States who implement a Marshall Plan to rebuild the economy of Western Europe. |
HUAC (House Un-American Activities Committee) | An investigative committee of the House of Representatives that investigated any person in the US that allegedly had communist ties. |
Black Panthers | A political group that combated police brutality against the African American community. |
Martin Luther King Jr. | An African American Baptist minister and activist who was a public face and leader of the civil rights movement that promoted non violent protests. |
Malcolm X | An African American Muslim minister that challenged the non violent civil rights movement by telling African Americans to defend themselves against white aggression “by any means necessary.” |
SNCC (“Snick” Student Non-violent Coordinating Committee) | One of the most popular civil rights organizations led by Martin Luther King Jr. that gave African American kids more of a voice. |
CORE (Congress on Racial Equality) | One of the leading activist organizations that provided non violence training to African American people. |
AIM (American Indian Movement) | A Native American movement meant to address Native American affirmation. |
UFW (United Farm Workers) | An activist formation that redefined farm labor activism. |
Cesar Chavez | The leader of the UFW farmer activist organization. |
NATO | An alliance between countries in North America and Europe to defend each other, mainly against the possibility of the control by the Soviet Union. (North American Treaty Organization) |
NOW (National Organization for Women) | An American feminist organization that promoted feminist ideals to people. |
Sandra Day O’Connor | The first woman to serve in the Supreme Court. |