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Everything Else
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Liberty | freedom from arbitrary / tyrrnaical government control |
| Egalitarianism | society of equals; there is no permanent class structure |
| Individualism | people are free to pursue their individual goals |
| Populism | Participation of common people in political life. |
| Laissez-Faire | Government has "hands off" approach to the economy. |
| Assimilate | Assimilation, in anthropology and sociology, the process whereby individuals or groups of differing ethnic heritage are absorbed into the dominant culture of a society. |
| Americanization | Americanization is the influence American culture and business have on other countries, such as their media, cuisine, business practices, popular culture, technology, or political techniques. |
| robber barons | a person who has become rich through ruthless and unscrupulous business practices (originally with reference to prominent US businessmen in the late 19th century). |
| Captains of industry | In the late 19th century a captain of industry was a business leader whose means of amassing a personal fortune contributed positively to the country in some way. |
| Philanthropy | the desire to promote the welfare of others, expressed especially by the generous donation of money to good causes. |
| Monopoly | In a monopoly market, the seller faces no competition, as he is the sole seller of goods with no close substitute. |
| Economics | Economics is the social science that studies the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services. |
| Entrepreneurship | Entrepreneurship is the process of designing, launching and running a new business, which is often initially a small business. The people who create these businesses are called entrepreneurs. |
| Trusts | allow credit to (a customer). |
| Social Darwinism | the theory that individuals, groups, and peoples are subject to the same Darwinian laws of natural selection as plants and animals. |
| Nativist | relating to or supporting the policy of protecting the interests of native-born or established inhabitants against those of immigrants. |
| Social Gospel | Christian faith practiced as a call not just to personal conversion but to social reform. |
| Ethnically homogeneous | Ethnic homogeneity means that everyone in the area or group has a similar ethnic background it people all come from ancestry, there is not large variety of cultures. |
| Political boss/Political machine | A political machine is a political group in which an authoritative boss or small group commands the support of a corps of supporters and businesses (usually campaign workers), who receive rewards for their efforts. |
| Infrastructure | the basic physical and organizational structures and facilities (e.g. buildings, roads, power supplies) needed for the operation of a society or enterprise. |
| Urban | in, relating to, or characteristic of a town or city. |
| Rural | in, relating to, or characteristic of the countryside rather than the town. |
| Political corruption | Political corruption is the use of powers by government officials or their network contacts for illegitimate private gain. |
| Segregation | the action or state of setting someone or something apart from other people or things or being set apart. |
| Industrialization | the development of industries in a country or region on a wide scale. |
| Labor union | an organized association of workers, often in a trade or profession, formed to protect and further their rights and interests. |
| Entrepreneur | a person who organizes and operates a business or businesses, taking on greater than normal financial risks in order to do so. |
| Free enterprise | an economic system in which private business operates in competition and largely free of state control. |
| Inflation | a general increase in prices and fall in the purchasing value of money. |
| Isolationism | a policy of remaining apart from the affairs or interests of other groups, especially the political affairs of other countries. |
| Interventionism | Interventionism is a policy of non-defensive activity undertaken by a nation-state, or other geo-political jurisdiction of a lesser or greater nature, to manipulate an economy and/or society. |
| Temperance | abstinence from alcoholic drink. |
| Civil service | the permanent professional branches of a government's administration, excluding military and judicial branches and elected politicians. |
| Reform | make changes in (something, typically a social, political, or economic institution or practice) in order to improve it. |
| Suffrage | the right to vote in political elections. |
| Settlement house | an institution in an inner-city area providing educational, recreational, and other social services to the community. |
| Conservation | prevention of wasteful use of a resource. |
| The Jungle | The Jungle is a novel written in 1904 by the American journalist and novelist Upton Sinclair. Sinclair wrote the novel to portray the harsh conditions and exploited lives of immigrants in the United States in Chicago and similar industrialized cities. |
| Initiative | the ability to assess and initiate things independently |
| Referendum | a general vote by the electorate on a single political question which has been referred to them for a direct decision. |
| Recall | bring (a fact, event, or situation) back into one's mind; remember. |
| Muckraker | The term muckraker was used in the Progressive Era to characterize reform-minded American journalists who attacked established institutions and leaders as corrupt. They typically had large audiences in some popular magazines. |
| Imperialism | a policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force. |
| Anti-imperialism | DescriptionAnti-imperialism in political science and international relations is a term used in a variety of contexts, usually by nationalist movements who want to secede from a larger polity |
| Anglo-Saxonism | relating to the Anglo-Saxons or their language. 4. n. a person of Anglo-Saxon (especially British) descent whose native tongue is English and whose culture is strongly influenced by English culture as in WASP for `White Anglo-Saxon Protestant' |
| Yellow Journalism | journalism that is based upon sensationalism and crude exaggeration. |
| Expansionism | the policy of territorial or economic expansion. |
| Manifest Destiny | the 19th-century doctrine or belief that the expansion of the US throughout the American continents was both justified and inevitable. |
| Foreign Policy | a government's strategy in dealing with other nations. |
| Big Stick Policy | Big stick ideology, big stick diplomacy, or big stick policy refers to U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt's foreign policy: "speak softly and carry a big stick, you will go far." |
| Dollar Diplomacy | the use of a country's financial power to extend its international influence. |
| Panama Canal | DescriptionThe Panama Canal is an artificial 82 km waterway in Panama that connects the Atlantic Ocean with the Pacific Ocean. The canal cuts across the Isthmus of Panama and is a conduit for maritime trade. |
| Fourteen Points | was a statement of principles for peace that was to be used for peace negotiations in order to end World War I. |
| Treaty of Versailles | was the most important of the peace treaties that brought World War I to an end. |
| Eugenics | were Nazi Germany's racially based social policies that placed the biological improvement of the Aryan race or Germanic master race |
| War bonds | debt securities issued by a government to finance military operations and other expenditure in times of war. |
| Victory gardens | were vegetable, fruit, and herb gardens planted at private residences and public parks in the United States |
| Tin Pan Alley | is the name given to the collection of New York City music publishers and songwriters who dominated the popular music of the United States in the late 19th century |
| Zimmerman Telegram | was a secret diplomatic communication issued from the German Foreign Office |
| Island hopping | was a secret diplomatic communication issued from the German Foreign Office in January 1917 |
| Embargo | Responding to Japanese occupation of key airfields in Indochina (July 24) following an agreement between Japan and Vichy France |
| Manhattan Project | was a research and development undertaking during World War II that produced the first nuclear weapons. |
| Internment camps | The internment of Japanese Americans in the United States during World War II was the forced relocation and incarceration in concentration camps |
| Propaganda | During active American involvement in World War II, propaganda was used to increase support for the war and commitment to an Allied victory. |
| Rationing | World War II put a heavy burden on US supplies of basic materials like food, shoes, metal, paper |
| Speakeasy | blind pig or blind tiger, is an illicit establishment that sells alcoholic beverages. |
| Immigration quotas | a system, originally determined by legislation in 1921, of limiting by nationality the number of immigrants who may enter the U.S. each year. |
| Buying on margin | is borrowing money from a broker to purchase stock. You can think of it as a loan from your brokerage. |
| Hoovervilles | a shanty town built by unemployed and destitute people during the Depression of the early 1930s |
| Court packing | DescriptionThe Judicial Procedures Reform Bill of 1937 was a legislative initiative proposed by U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt to add more justices to the U.S. Supreme Court. |
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