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Cold War
Term | Definition |
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Cold War | a state of political hostility between countries characterized by threats, propaganda, and other measures short of open warfare. |
Iron Curtain | the name for the imaginary boundary dividing Europe into two separate areas from the end of World War II in 1945 until the end of the Cold War in 1991; between the Soviet Union and the US and its allies. |
Truman Doctrine | A promise to support any country fighting Communism |
Marshall Plan | The US initiative to aid Western Europe; the United States gave economic assistance to help rebuild Western European economies after the end of World War II. |
Berlin Airlift | A massive and successful effort to feed and supply West Berlin after the Soviet Union had placed a blockade around the city. |
Containment Policy | Beginning with President Truman, US presidents sought to stop the spread of Communism in the world. |
Mao Zedong | Led a Communist revolution in China in 1949. |
Korean War | Communist North Korea invaded South Korea and the US came to the aid of South Korea |
Sputnik | The first man-made satellite; created and launched by the Soviet Union in 1957, it began a new age of space exploration and started the “space race.” |
House Un-American Activities Committee | created in 1938 to investigate alleged disloyalty and subversive activities on the part of private citizens, public employees, and those organizations suspected of having Communist ties. |
Rosenberg Trial | A court case involving Julius and Ethel Rosenberg, an American couple who were executed in 1953 as spies for the Soviet Union. Some have argued that the Rosenberg were innocent victims of McCarthy -era hysteria against communists or of anti-Semitism |
Venona Papers | Released in 1997, this report revealed the identities of several Americans who had spied for the Soviet Union, including Julius Rosenberg. |
McCarthyism | a campaign against alleged communists in the US government and other institutions carried out under Senator Joseph McCarthy in the period 1950–54. |
Jonas Salk | Developed a successful vaccine to prevent polio |