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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Liberty | Protection from tyranny, rule of law and religious faith. |
| Egalitarianism | A society of equals. Especially in the religious sense |
| Individualism | The freedom to flourish without regard to station in life. |
| Populism | The participation of the common people |
| Laissez-faire | Government policy of “hands off” economy. |
| Assimilate | A more dominant culture taking a minority and making them more like the dominant culture, which destroys the minorities culture. |
| Americanization | Similar to assimilation, the action of taking an immigrant and doing things such as teaching the English, History, or the spirits of America in order to help them fit in. |
| Robber Barons | Someone who became rich through ruthless business practices. |
| Captain of Industry | A group of entrepreneurs, investors, and business men. These men used their wealth to influence America in a positive manner. |
| Philanthropy | The desire to promote welfare for others, especially with generous amounts of donation money to good causes. |
| Monopoly | A lack of of higher competition in a good or service, which can lead to higher prices for inferior products. |
| Economics | The study of how society uses its resources for production, distribution, and consumption of said goods and services. |
| Entrepreneurship | Someone who undertakes a business venture. |
| Trusts | A relationship in which one party gives the other party the right to hold title to the property or assets for the benefit of a third party. |
| Social Darwinism | A theory that promoted the idea that the white European race was superior to all other races, and were destined to rule all over them. |
| Nativists | A policy that favors native inhabitants as opposed to immigrants. |
| Social Gospel | A religious movement with the goal of making Christian churches more responsive to social issues such as poverty. |
| Ethnically Homogeneous | Everyone in a specific area have similar ethnic background, without a variety of cultures. |
| Political boss/ political machines | A group with an authoritative boss or small group commands the support of business people to help a the group in their effect reach their goals. |
| Infrastructure | A basic underlying framework of an organization needed in order to function. For example, roads, bridges, sewer systems, and so on. |
| Urban | A more busy area with a large population. Typically large cities. |
| Rural | A more scheduled area, such as a countryside. |
| Political corruption | When a government official uses their political power and contacts for a more private gain rather than for the benefit of the country |
| Segregation | The separation of individuals, primarily racial groups. The separation is often a result of economic and social factors, . |
| Industrialization | When an economy shifts its primary industry. For example, shifting from agriculture to manufacturing goods. |
| Labor union | A group of workers that aim to achieve a common goal, mostly wages and hours, and safer workplaces. |
| Entrepreneurs | Someone who manages and assumes the risks of a business. |
| Free enterprise | An economic system that allowed private businesses to freely operate for profit without government interference. |
| Inflation | A quantifiable measurement for rates at which the price of selected goods and services in an economy increase over a period of time. |
| Isolationism | A rule of remaining apart from the affairs or interests of other groups. |
| Interventionism | A rule of non-defensive activity undertaken by nation-state. |
| Temperance | The prohibition of alcohol. |
| Civil service | The permanent professional branches of a government's administration, excluding military and judicial branches and elected politicians. |
| Reform | To make a change in something political, typically for the better of the system. |
| Suffrage | The right to vote. |
| Settlement house | Important reform institutions in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. |
| Conservation | The prevention of wasteful use of a valuable resource. |
| The Jungle | A novel written by the American journalist and novelist Upton Sinclair. |
| Initiative | The ability to assess and initiate things independently. |
| Referendum | A direct vote in which an entire electorate is invited to vote on a particular proposal. |
| Recall | An official order to return to a place. |
| Muckraker | Reform-minded American journalists who attacked established institutions and leaders as corrupt. |
| Imperialism | A policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force. |
| Anti-imperialism | The opposition of the extension of a countries power. |
| Anglo-Saxonism | A member of any of the West Germanic tribes. |
| Yellow journalism | Journalism that is based upon sensationalism and crude exaggeration. |
| Expansionism | Extension of a state's territory by encroaching on that of other nations, pursued as a political strategy. |
| Manifest Destiny | The 19th-century doctrine or belief that the expansion of the US throughout the American continents was both justified and inevitable. |
| Foreign Policy | A government's strategy in dealing with other nations. |
| Big Stick Policy | Theodore Roosevelt's foreign policy. |
| Dollar Diplomacy | The use of a country's financial power to extend its international influence. |
| Panama Canal | The canal permits shippers of commercial goods, ranging from automobiles to grain, to save time and money by transporting cargo more quickly between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. |
| Fourteen Points | was a statement of principles for peace that was to be used for peace negotiations in order to end World War I. |
| Treaty of Versailles | was the most important of the peace treaties that brought World War I to an end. The Treaty ended the state of war between Germany and the Allied Powers. |
| Eugenics | the science of improving a human population by controlled breeding to increase the occurrence of desirable heritable characteristics. |
| War bonds | are debt securities issued by a government to finance military operations and other expenditure in times of war. |
| Victory gardens | also called "war gardens" or "food gardens for defense", were gardens planted both at private residences and on public land during World War I and World War II to reduce the pressure on the public food supply brought on by the war effort. |
| Tin Pan Alley | is the name given to the collection of New York City music publishers and songwriters who dominated the popular music of the United States in the late 19th century and early 20th century. |
| Zimmerman Telegram | was a secret diplomatic communication issued from the German Foreign Office in January 1917 that proposed a military alliance between Germany and Mexico. |
| Island hopping | was a military strategy employed by the Allies in the Pacific War against Japan and the Axis powers during World War II. |
| Embargo | an official ban on trade or other commercial activity with a particular country. |
| Manhattan Project | was a research and development undertaking during World War II that produced the first nuclear weapons. |
| Internment camps | The internment of Japanese Americans in the United States during World War II was the forced relocation and incarceration in concentration camps in the western interior of the country |
| Propaganda | information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view. |
| Rationing | Rationing is the controlled distribution of scarce resources, goods, services, or an artificial restriction of demand. |
| Speakeasy | also called a blind pig or blind tiger, is an illicit establishment that sells alcoholic beverages. |
| Immigration quotas | limited the number of immigrants allowed entry into the United States through a national origins quota. |
| Buying on margin | became so popular that by the late 1920s, "ninety percent of the purchase price of the stock was being made with borrowed money." |
| Hoovervilles | was a shanty town built during the Great Depression by the homeless in the United States of America. |
| Court packing | refers to an unsuccessful proposal made by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1937. |
| Containment | the action of keeping something harmful under control or within limits |
| McCarthyism | a vociferous campaign against alleged communists in the US government and other institutions carried out under Senator Joseph McCarthy in the period 1950–54. |
| credibility gap | an apparent difference between what is said or promised and what happens or is true. |
| Pentagon Papers | was the name given to a top-secret Department of Defense study of U.S. political and military involvement in Vietnam from 1945 to 1967. |
| Vietnamization | the US policy of withdrawing its troops and transferring the responsibility and direction of the war effort to the government of South Vietnam. |
| Great Society | a domestic program in the administration of President Lyndon B. Johnson that instituted federally sponsored social welfare programs. |
| Détente (with China) | to gain more leverage over relations with the Soviet Union. Resolving the Vietnam War was a particularly important factor. |
| Silent majority | The silent majority is an unspecified large group of people in a country or group who do not express their opinions publicly. |
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DylanBeamsley
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