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Everything Else
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Liberty | The state of being free in society from oppressive restrictions |
| Egalitarianism | The doctrine that all people are equal and deserve equal rights and opportunities. |
| Individualism | The belief and practice that every person is unique and self-reliant. A belief in individualism also implies that you believe that the government should stay out of your individual affairs. |
| Populism | Belief in the power of regular people, and in their right to have control over their government rather than a small group of political insiders or a wealthy elite. |
| Laissez-faire | The belief that economies and businesses function best when there is no interference by the government. |
| Assimilate | The process of adapting or adjusting to the culture of a group or nation. |
| Americanization | The influence American culture and business have on other countries. |
| Robber Barons | A derogatory term used for American businessmen. The term was typically applied to businessmen who were viewed as having used questionable practices to amass their wealth. |
| Captains of Industry | A business leader whose means of amassing a personal fortune contributed positively to the country in some way. |
| Philanthropy | An idea, event, or action that is done to better humanity and usually involves some sacrifice as opposed to being done for a profit motive. |
| Monopoly | A market structure characterized by a single seller, selling a unique product in the market. |
| Economics | Social science that deals with the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services. |
| Entrepreneurship | The capacity and willingness to organize and manage a business along with anyone its risks to make a profit. |
| Trusts | Arrangement that allows a third party, or trustee, to hold assets on behalf of a beneficiary or beneficiaries. |
| Social Darwinism | The theory that individuals, groups, and peoples are subject to the same Darwinian laws of natural selection as plants and animals. |
| Nativist | A policy of favoring native inhabitants as opposed to immigrants. |
| Social Gospel | A religious movement that arose in the United States in the late nineteenth century with the goal of making the Christian churches more responsive to social problems, such as poverty and prostitution. |
| Ethnically Homogeneous | Everyone in the area or group has a similar ethnic background it people all come from ancestry, there is not large variety of cultures. |
| Political Boss/Machine | The machine's power is based on the ability of the boss or group to get out the vote for their candidates on election day. |
| Infrastructure | The basic physical and organizational structures and facilities needed for the operation of a society or enterprise. |
| Urban | Region surrounding a city. |
| Rural | Characteristic of the countryside rather than the town. |
| Political corruption | The use of powers by government officials or their network contacts for illegitimate private gain. |
| Segregation | The separation or isolation of a race, class, or ethnic group by enforced or voluntary residence in a restricted area, by barriers to social intercourse, by separate educational facilities, or by other discriminatory means. |
| Industrialization | The development of industries in a country or region on a wide scale. |
| Labor Union | An organized association of workers, often in a trade or profession, formed to protect and further their rights and interests. |
| Entrepreneur | A person who organizes and operates a business or businesses, taking on greater than normal financial risks in order to do so. |
| Free Enterprise | An economic system in which private business operates in competition and largely free of state control. |
| Inflation | A general increase in prices and fall in the purchasing value of money. |
| Isolationism | a policy of remaining apart from the affairs or interests of other groups, especially the political affairs of other countries. |
| Interventionism | governmental interference in economic affairs at home or in political affairs of another country. |
| Temperance | abstinence from alcoholic drink |
| Civil Service | the permanent professional branches of a government's administration, excluding military and judicial branches and elected politicians. |
| Reform | make changes in order to improve it. |
| Suffrage | the right to vote in political elections. |
| Settlement House | an institution in an inner-city area providing educational, recreational, and other social services to the community. |
| Conservation | prevention of wasteful use of a resource. |
| The Jungle | a novel written in 1904 by the American journalist and novelist Upton Sinclair. Sinclair wrote the novel to portray the harsh conditions and exploited lives of immigrants in the United States in Chicago and similar industrialized cities. |
| Initiative | the ability to assess and initiate things independently. |
| Referendum | a general vote by the electorate on a single political question which has been referred to them for a direct decision. |
| Recall | officially order to return to a place. |
| Muckraker | searching out and publicizing scandalous information about famous people in an underhanded way. |
| Imperialism | a policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force. |
| Anti-Imperialism | opposed expansion, believing that imperialism violated the fundamental principle that just republican government must derive from "consent of the governed." |
| Anglo-Saxonism | a person of Anglo-Saxon descent whose native tongue is English and whose culture is strongly influenced by English culture |
| Yellow Journalism | journalism that is based upon sensationalism and crude exaggeration. |
| Expansionism | the policy of territorial or economic expansion. |
| Manifest Destiny | the 19th-century doctrine or belief that the expansion of the US throughout the American continents was both justified and inevitable. |
| Foreign Policy | a government's strategy in dealing with other nations. |
| Big Stick policy | carefully mediated negotiation supported by the unspoken threat of a powerful military |
| Dollar Diplomacy | the use of a country's financial power to extend its international influence. |
| Panama Canal | canal that permits shippers of commercial goods, ranging from automobiles to grain, to save time and money by transporting cargo more quickly between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans |
| Fourteen points | a statement of principles for peace that was to be used for peace negotiations in order to end World War I |
| Treaty of Versailles | the most important of the peace treaties that brought World War I to an end. The Treaty ended the state of war between Germany and the Allied Powers. |
| Eugenics | the science of improving a human population by controlled breeding to increase the occurrence of desirable heritable characteristics |
| War bonds | debt securities issued by a government to finance military operations and other expenditure in times of war |
| Victory gardens | planted to increase food production during a war. |
| Tin pan alley | collection of New York City music publishers and songwriters who dominated the popular music of the United States in the late 19th century and early 20th century. |
| Zimmerman telegram | The United States entered the war because of the Germans' decision to resume the policy of unrestricted submarine warfare, and the telegram intercepted by the British, in which Germany floated the idea of an alliance with Mexico. |
| Island hopping | a military strategy employed by the Allies in the Pacific War against Japan and the Axis powers during World War II. |
| Embargo | an official ban on trade or other commercial activity with a particular country. |
| Manhattan project | a research and development undertaking during World War II that produced the first nuclear weapons |
| Internment camps | putting a person in prison or other kind of detention, generally in wartime. During World War II, the American government put Japanese-Americans in internment camps, fearing they might be loyal to Japan. |
| Propaganda | information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view. |
| Rationing | the controlled distribution of scarce resources, goods, services, or an artificial restriction of demand. |
| Speakeasy | an illicit establishment that sells alcoholic beverages. |
| Immigration quotas | provided immigration visas to two percent of the total number of people of each nationality in the United States as of the 1890 national census. |
| Buying on margin | borrowing money from a broker to purchase stock |
| Hoovervilles | a shantytown built by unemployed and destitute people during the Depression of the early 1930s. |
| Court packing | a legislative initiative proposed by U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt to add more justices to the U.S. Supreme Court |
Created by:
Victoria.laduque
Popular U.S. History sets