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biology exam
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the basic unit of living things | cells |
| characteristics of life | 1. everything is made up of cells 2. environment 3. reproduce 4. utilize energy 5. development |
| what is metabolism | ability to break down food and turn it into energy |
| homeostasis | steady internal conditions so the organism can survive |
| dependent variable | what you measure |
| independent variable | variable you change |
| what is the scientific control used for | its used for comparison |
| what are the steps of the scientific method | observe, research, hypothesis, experiment, analyze, and conclude/retest |
| 3 main differences between plant and animal cells | cell wall, chloroplast, vacuole |
| what are the main differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic | eukaryotic have a nucleus, prokaryotic cells don't have one |
| who saw cork and called it cells | Leeuwenhoek: invented single lens microscope to see cells |
| Who saw "animalcules" | Hooke: the first person to identify cells using a 3 lens microscope |
| who discovered that all living things were cells | schann |
| what are 3 main components of cell theory | 1. organisms are made of cells 2. existing cells are made by other cells 3. the cell is the most basic unit of life |
| 6 elements found in living things (CHNOPS) | carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorous, sulfur |
| what element do all organic compounds contain | carbon |
| what is the formula for glucose ( C___ H___ O___) | C6 H12 O6 |
| what type of reaction creates organic polymers | hydrocarbons like ethylene and propylene |
| what is diffusion | movement of a substance from a high to low concentration |
| what is osmosis | when water molecules diffuse from high concentration to low , when molecules distribute themselves evenly |
| what is endocytosis, pinocytosis, and phagocytosis | they all mean the same thing; the process of taking liquids or large molecules into a cell by engulfing it with the cell membrane |
| what is exocytosis | when waste is let out of cell my breaking the cell membrane, the opposite of endocytosis |
| what is the difference between passive and active transport? | passive transport does not require energy to happen, but active transport does require energy |
| what is an enzyme | enzyme=catalyst, aka a liquid or substance to speed up a chemical reaction |
| are enzymes used up in chemical reactions (enzymes may be reused) | enzymes are used to speed up chemical reactions |
| what does it mean for an enzyme to become denatured | when the shape of the protein is altered so it can't be perform its function like usual |
| what is an enzyme and its substrate (the enzyme-substrate complex) | the substrate is a molecule upon which an enzyme acts |
| what is the active site | where the substrate binds to an enzyme |
| what is the substrate | reactants that bind to enzyme at certain places of the active sites |
| what are the 3 subatomic particles of an atom and where are they located??? | 1. proton- nucleus 2. neutron- nucleus 3. electron- found in rings around the nucleus |
| what is the charge of each of the following subatomic particles | 1. protons- positive + 2. nuetron- neutral 3. electron- negative - |
| what is atomic mass and the atomic number of an element mean | atomic mass= protons + neutrons atomic number= # of protons |
| whats the difference between 3 types of bonding | 1. iconic- forms when atoms gain or lose an electron 2. covalent- when electrons are shared between atoms 3. hydrogen- when the positive and negative parts of an atom attract and connect each other |
| an example of a compound in which covalent bond occurs | H2O |
| example of a compound in which ionic bonding occurs (you put it on french fries) |
Created by:
aama0764
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