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SS exam
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What did Magellan do? | He sailed all the way around the world |
| What did Columbus do? | He was the first person who thought of sailing around the world to get to India, but he ended up in North America instead |
| What did De Gamma do? | He was the first European to reach India by sea |
| What did Vespucci do? | He was the person North and SouthAmerica were named after- "Amerigo" |
| What were the Starving Times? | The men in Jamestown were running out of food because of the harsh weather and the lack of people doing labor |
| What was the Colombian Exchange? | It was the exchange of plants, animals, and diseases between Europe and the Americas after Columbus made contact in the "New World" |
| What are cash crops? | Crops that are high in demand so people make a lot of money on them |
| What is an indentured servant? | People who don't have enough money to come to America, so they work for somewhen as payment. NOT slaves |
| What are the two physical features that separate the US from the rest of the world | The Atlantic and Pacific Ocean |
| What is a loyalist? | People in the colonies who are loyal to the King |
| What is transatlantic slave trade? | The colonies ship goods to England, England sends manufactured good to Africa, and Africa sends slaves to the colonies |
| What colonies were founded for religious freedom? | Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, Maryland, and Pennsylvania |
| Appalachian mountains were significant because..? | They were a barrier between the 13colonies and they land they won from France. Behind the mountains are also dangerous Native American tribes |
| What were the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut? | A set of laws to govern the colony. They were the first written constitution |
| What was the Mayflower Compact? | A document written and signed by the people of Plymouth promising that they would write and follow a set of rules |
| What were the Intolerable Acts? | Were punishment for the rebellions and the tea party. The acts banned town meetings, closed Boston harbor, and demanded the debt caused by the Boston tea party be paid. Mostly affected Massachusetts |
| What was the Great Migration? | It was the movement of Puritans out of Europe and into other parts of the world, mostly North America |
| What was the Quartering Act | An act that forced colonists to house British soldiers |
| What were effects of the Stamp Act? | Taxed all papers in the colonies and led to the 1st Continental Congress |
| What was the Sugar Act? | A tax placed on sugar |
| What was the Tea Act? | Gave total control of tea in the colonies to a British company |
| What were the Navigation Acts? | Made it so all imports and exports in the colonies had to be on British ships |
| The founding of Pennsylvania? | Founded by William Penn for religious freedom for the Quakers |
| Founding of New York? | Was the first Dutch colony before being taken for the Duke of York |
| Founding of Georgia? | Was founded by Oglethorpe so that prisoners and poor people in England could get a fresh start |
| Who was Thomas Paine? | The author of Common Sense, which called for separation from England. Also wrote The Crises which encouraged soldiers to keep fighting in the war |
| What was The Enlightenment? | A period of scientific renovation |
| Significant people of The Enlightenment? | Galileo, Ben Franklin, Newton, Locke, |
| What was the Great Awakening? | A great religious movement in time that involved many great leaders including Jonathan Edwards and George Whitfield |
| What was the Proclamation of 1763 and why did it upset colonists? | Colonists weren’t allowed to venture past the Appalachian Mountains due to conflicts with Native Americans; this upset the colonists because they wanted to be allowed to settle wherever |
| What was the Boston Massacre? | Colonists in Boston were yelling and throwing things at British troops, who open fired and killed five people |
| What was the Boston Tea Party | Sons of liberty dumped millions of dollars worth of tea into boston harbor to protest against tea taxes. |
| "Taxation without representation" | Britain was taxing the colonists while they didn't have any representation in Parliament |
| Key grievances against King George III | Taxation without representation, limiting trade, didn't allow them to have their own form of government |
| Who was George Washington? | The American general that led us through the Revolutionary War, founding father, and first president of the United States |
| Who was Benedict Arnold? | An American Revolution leader who later betrayed them and joined the other side |
| Who was Patrick Henry? | Anti-Federalist and founding father, famous quote "give me liberty or give me death" |
| Advantages of America in the war? | Shorter supply lines, their own turf, strong leadership, help from France |
| Advantages of the British? | Strongest navy in the world, more soldiers, more military experience |
| Battle of Lexington and Concord? | The first military engagement of the Revolutionary War and was technically a British win but the Brits were ashamed of losing so many men |
| Battle of Saratoga? | Considered the turning point of the revolution because they captured Burgoyne which convinced France to help them |
| Battle of Yorktown? | Ended the revolution when the rebels (with lots of help from France) defeated Cornwallis |
| The Winter at Valley Forge? | winter at valley forge was where many of washington’s soldiers died from lack of food, malaria, etc. or left because they didn’t think they’d win the war. Von steuben also joined the patriots here and trained them. (winter of 1777) |
| Treaty of Paris 1763? | The treaty that ended the French and Indian War |
| Treaty of Paris 1783? | Treaty where Britain acknowledged American independence and ended the Revolution. |
| Who was Lafayette? | Wealthy young Frenchman who helped fund Washington's troops and later fought as a soldier under Washington |
| Who was Baron Von Steuben? | Former Hessian that trained Washington’s troops at Valley Forge |
| Bernardo de Galvez? | General from Spain that acted as patriot defense in the South. |
| Land Ordinance of 1785 | Adopted by the United States congress to set up a standardized system whereby settlers could purchase title to farmland in the undeveloped west |
| Northwest Ordinance of 1787 | Provided a method for admitting new states to the union from territory, and listed a bill of rights guaranteed in the territory. |
| Northwest territory? | Formed after the American Revolutionary War. The states involved are Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, Illinois,and Wisconsin. |
| 3/5 Compromise? | A compromise reached among delegates during the 1787 United States Constitutional Convention. It outlined the process for states to count slaves as part of the population in order to determine representation and taxation for the federal government. |
| The Great Compromise? | Saved the Constitutional Convention. It called for proportional representation in the House, and one representative per states in the Senate (this was later changed to two). |
| The Magna Carta? | Made in 1215 was the first document the established that everyone (including the king) was subject to law. |
| Thomas Jefferson? | A Founding Father and also the main author of the Declaration of Independence. He was the third president of The United States and was the governor of Virginia. |
| James Madison? | A Founding Father and the fourth president of the United States. He was also known as the “Father of the Constitution,” for composing the first drafts. |
| John Adams? | A Founding Father and the second president of the United States he was a leader of the American Revolution and was a delegate to the Continental Congress. |
| Effects of the Stamp Act? | This lead to colonist saying the act was unconstitutional and a series of protests and violent mobs. |
| Constitutional Convention? | Held in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and started by Shay’s Rebellion. It was held to urge on a strong central government. |
| Limited Government? | It means the government only has the power the people give it and must obey laws like any other citizen |
| Federalism? | A system of government in which the states and the central government share powers |
| Checks and Balances? | A system that allows each branch of government to limit the powers of one another to prevent the abuse of power |
| Separation of Powers? | The division of basic government roles into branches |
| Republicanism? | A form of government in which people elect representatives to create and enforce laws |
| Popular Sovereignty? | The people rule |
| Individual Rights? | Everyone has personal liberties and privileges that cannot be taken away |
| Virginia House of Burgesses? | The first elected legislative body in colonial America. |
| John Hancock? | The president of the Second Continental Congress and also the first (biggest) signer of the Declaration of Independence |
| Fundamental Orders of Connecticut? | The first written constitution and set up limited self government for the colony |
| Minutemen? | A member of a class of American militia who volunteered to be ready for service at a minutes notice |
| Mercantilism? | The economic theory that trade generates wealth and is stimulated by the accumulation of profitable balances |
| Writs of Assistance? | Established to “enforce an order for the possession of lands” BUT soldiers used it to increase their power over the colonist |
| Tariffs? | A tax or duty to be paid on a particular class of imports or exports |
| Unalienable Rights? | Rights that the government can’t take away |
| States' Rights? | The rights and powers held by individual US states rather than by the federal government |
| Requirements to vote in the USA? | 1. You have to be a US citizen. 2. You need to be a legal resident of our state. 3. You need to be at least 18 years olds by election day. 4. You need to be registered to vote by your state’s voter registration deadline. |
| Magna Carta date? | 1215 |
| English Bill of Rights? | 1689 |
| Jamestown established? | 1607 |
| Plymouth established? | 1620 |
| Starving time in Jamestown? | Winter of 1609 to 1610 |
| French and Indian War? | 1754-1763 |
| Declaration of Independence? | July 4, 1763 |
| Articles of Confederation? | November 15, 1777 |
| US Constitution? | September 17, 1787 |
| Economy of New England colonies? | Relied mostly on shipping, fishing, and whaling |
| Economy of Middle colonies? | Semi- agricultural and also did logging and shipbuilding |
| Economy of Southern colonies? | More predominantly agricultural and they exported plants like tobacco, corn, and indigo |
| Strengths of the Articles of Confederation? | Held the country together during the revolution, gave government the ability to declare war, make treaties and operate the post office |
| Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation? | Government could not collect taxes, they had no control over foreign trade, could not force states to obey national laws, and all 13 states had to approve changes |
| Virginia Plan? | Called for three branches and two house legislature with votes based on the population of the states |
| New Jersey Plan? | Called for three branches and one house with every state getting one vote regardless of population |
| Federalists? | Believed that the Constitution was fine and should be ratified the way it was. Some federalists were Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison |
| Anti-Federalists? | Believed the Constitution needed a Bill of Rights before being ratified. Some anti-federalists were George Mason and Patrick Henry |
| Key statements in Washington's farewell address? | He said don’t form political parties because they would divide the country and to stay away from permanent alliances with foreign countries or they would get sucked into costly wars |
| Five pillars of the Free Enterprise system? | Entrepreneur, Competition, Private Property, Profit Motives, and Consumer Choice |
| What was The Whiskey Rebellion? | When people protested on the taxes that were being placed on Whiskey and Washington didn’t even flinch and instead sent 13,000 troops to enforce the taxes. No one rebelled again |
| What is Judicial Review? | When the Supreme Court decides if a law is constitutional or not. This power was given during the case Marbury v. Madison, which is why that case is significant |
| What was the Nullification Crisis? | A political crisis that happened during 1832-33 when South Carolina passed the Nullification Act saying it wouldn’t pay the tariffs placed by government. They threatened to secede so Andrew Jackson threatened to go down and hang them |
| What was Alexander Hamilton's plan for the economy? | To have the federal government assume state’s debt, he would create a national bank, there would be protective tariffs, and the money from the tariffs would be used to make loans to start up small businesses |
| Why did Hamilton's plan create political parties? | Jefferson and Madison opposed and said they had no right to make a bank. Hamilton said the constitution let them collect and borrow taxes. The arguing led to political parties |
| One way to amend the constitution? | Both houses of congress have to adopt a proposed amendment by ⅔ vote. Then, ¾ of state legislatures must ratify the amendment |
| Another way to amend the constitution? | If the amendment is proposed at a national convention by ⅔ of the states, then it has to be passed by ¾ of special state conventions |
| What is due process? | Fair treatment through the normal judicial system, and it is guaranteed in the fifth amendment |
| A citizen's roles and responsibilities? | obey federal, state, and local laws, to respect the rights, beliefs, and opinions of other citizens, pay income and local taxes honestly and on time, and defend the country if needed. |
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