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US History Final
Final Exam Study Guide For Semester 1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Reasons why American Colonists settled where they did | The soil in these colonies were great for farming but most of the jobs in this region were for industrial building. |
| Foundations of American Democracy | the Enlightenment ideals of liberty, equality, and justice helped to create the conditions for the American Revolution and the subsequent Constitution. |
| Why did the Anti-Federalists oppose the ratification of the Constitution in 1787? | The Anti-Federalists opposed the ratification of the 1787 U.S. Constitution because they feared that the new national government would be too powerful and thus threaten individual liberties, given the absence of a bill of rights. |
| Thomas Paine and Common Sense | Common Sense was a pamphlet written by Thomas Paine in 1775–76 advocating independence from Great Britain to people in the Thirteen Colonies. |
| Declaration of Independence | The United States Declaration of Independence is the statement adopted by the Second Continental Congress meeting at the Pennsylvania State House in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on July 4, 1776. |
| Shay’s Rebellion | Shays' Rebellion was an armed uprising in Massachusetts, mostly in and around Springfield during 1786 and 1787. American Revolutionary War veteran Daniel Shays led four thousand rebels in a protest against perceived economic and civil rights injustices. |
| Louisiana Purchase | The Louisiana Purchase (1803) was a land deal between the United States and France, in which the U.S. acquired approximately 827,000 square miles of land west of the Mississippi River for $15 million. |
| Missouri Compromise of 1820 | The Missouri Compromise was the legislation that provided for the admission of Maine to the United States as a free state along with Missouri as a slave state, thus maintaining the balance of power between North and South in the United States Senate. |
| Compromise of 1850 | The Compromise of 1850 was a package of five separate bills passed by the United States Congress in September 1850, which defused a four-year political confrontation between slave and free states. |
| Manifest Destiny | In the 19th century, manifest destiny was a widely held belief in the United States that its settlers were destined to expand across North America. |
| Economic differences of the North and South prior to the Civil War | The economy of the North was based on manufacturing. Many immigrants from Europe began working in factories and producing goods used by people in the North |
| Lincoln’s goal in the Civil War | Lincoln's decision to fight rather than to let the Southern states secede was not based on his feelings towards slavery. Rather, he felt it was his sacred duty as President of the United States to preserve the Union at all costs. |
| Seneca Falls Convention | The Seneca Falls Convention was the first women's rights convention. It advertised itself as "a convention to discuss the social, civil, and religious condition and rights of woman". |
| Reconstruction Period | The period after the Civil War, 1865 - 1877, was called the Reconstruction period. Abraham Lincoln started planning for the reconstruction of the South during the Civil War as Union soldiers occupied huge areas of the South. |
| President Andrew Johnson and the Reconstruction Period | In 1865 President Andrew Johnson implemented a plan of Reconstruction that gave the white South a free hand in regulating the transition from slavery to freedom and offered no role to blacks in the politics of the South. |
| Result of the Civil War | The American Civil War, 1861–1865, resulted from long-standing sectional differences and questions not fully resolved when the United States Constitution was ratified in 1789, primarily the issue of slavery and states rights. |
| Black Codes | The Black Codes were laws passed by Southern states in 1865 and 1866 in the United States after the American Civil War with the intent of restricting African Americans' freedom, and making them work in a labor economy based on low wages or debt. |
| Native Americans | Native Americans, also known as American Indians, Indigenous Americans and other terms, are the indigenous peoples of the United States, except Hawaii. |
| Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 | The Chinese Exclusion Act was a United States federal law signed by President Chester A. Arthur on May 6, 1882, prohibiting all immigration of Chinese laborers. |
| Indian Wars between 1860-1890 | The American Indian Wars (or Indian Wars) is the collective name for the various armed conflicts fought by European governments and colonists, and later the United States government and American settlers, against various American Indian tribes. |
| Homestead Act of 1862 | The Homestead Acts were several laws in the United States by which an applicant could acquire ownership of government land or the public domain, typically called a "homestead.” |
| Transcontinental Railroad | The First Transcontinental Railroad was a 1,912-mile continuous railroad line constructed between 1863 and 1869 that connected the existing eastern U.S. rail network at Omaha, Nebraska/Council Bluffs, Iowa with the Pacific coast on San Francisco Bay. |
| Development of the Great Plains | Until well into the 19th cent., the central Great Plains were called the Great American Desert. The first westward-bound pioneers bypassed the Great Plains. The railroads were largely responsible for their development after the Civil War. |
| Three-fifths Compromise | The Three-Fifths Compromise was a compromise reached among state delegates during the 1787 United States Constitutional Convention. |
| Reconstruction goals after the Civil War | The Successes of Reconstruction. President Lincoln's original goal in the Civil War was to hold the nation together. And in this, the war and Reconstruction were a success. |
| Economic impact of the Civil War | Societal Effects of the Civil War. As a result of the Civil War, which had taken a devastating toll on the country, with 620,000 deaths, destruction of the southern states, and extreme economic cost. |
| Tenements | A tenement is a multi-occupancy building of any sort. However, in the United States, it has come to refer most specifically to a run-down apartment building or to a slum. |
| Women's’ Suffrage Movement | The Woman Suffrage Movement. The woman suffrage movement actually began in 1848, when a women's rights convention was held in Seneca Falls, New York |
| Battleship Maine | USS Maine (ACR-1) was an American naval ship that sank in Havana Harbor during the Cuban revolt against Spain, an event that became a major political issue in the United States. |
| Why was the North worried about Great Britain during the Civil War? | itish public opinion was divided on the American Civil War. His international concerns were centred in Europe, where he had to watch both Napoleon III's. They care neither for the South nor the North. |
| Impressments | Impressment, colloquially "the press" or the "press gang", is the taking of men into a military or naval force by compulsion, with or without notice. Navies of several nations used forced recruitment by various means. |
| Trail of Tears | The Trail of Tears was a series of forced relocations of Native American peoples from their ancestral homelands in the Southeastern United States, to areas to the west that had been designated as Indian Territory. |
| Why did the South secede from the Union? | Confederates opposed states rights, the right of Northern states not to support slavery. At South Carolina's secession convention made a “Declaration of the Immediate Causes Which Induce and Justify the Secession of South Carolina from the Federal Union.” |
| Emancipation Proclamation | President Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation in 1863, as the nation approached its third year of civil war. The proclamation declared "that all persons held as slaves" within the rebellious states "are, and henceforward shall be free." |
| Why could Lincoln not carry out his plan of Reconstruction? | President Abraham Lincoln offers his conciliatory plan for the South, and some states were ready to have their governments rebuilt. to enact plans to deal with the freed slaves so long as their freedom was not. |
| Muckrakers | The term muckraker was used in the Progressive Era to characterize reform-minded American journalists who attacked established institutions and leaders as corrupt. |
| Who had great job opportunities during WWI when they did not before the war? | large numbers of women were recruited into jobs vacated by men who had gone to fight in the war. |
| Treaty of Versailles | The Treaty ended the state of war between Germany and the Allied Powers. It was signed on 28 June 1919 in Versailles, exactly five years after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand which directly led to World War I. |
| Rapid Growth of Cities | Increased population caused spread of disease,and wild-fires because most buildings were made of wood. or the growth of cities due to moment of people from rural areas to cities. |
| Why did US enter WWI? | In 1917, Germany, determined to win its war of attrition against the Allies, announced the resumption of unrestricted warfare in war-zone waters. |
| League of Nations | The League of Nations was an international organization, headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland, created after the First World War to provide a forum for resolving international disputes. |
| Progressivism | Progressivism is the support for or advocacy of improvement of society by reform. It is based on the idea of progress, that advancements in science, technology, economic development and social organization are vital to the improve the human condition. |
| Americans reaction to WWI | Isolation was a long American tradition everyone wanted to hide, and were all very scared. |
| Lusitania sinking | The sinking of the Cunard ocean liner RMS Lusitania occurred on Friday, 7 May 1915 during the First World War, as Germany waged submarine warfare against the United Kingdom which had implemented a naval blockade of Germany. |
| Zimmermann Telegram | The Zimmermann Telegram (or Zimmermann Note or Zimmerman Cable) was a secret diplomatic communication issued from the German Foreign Office in January 1917 that proposed a military alliance between Germany and Mexico. |
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