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Government - Topic 8
Government - Topic 8 Vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| civil liberties | guarantees of the safety of persons, opinions, and property from the arbitrary acts of government, including freedom of speech and freedom of religion |
| civil rights | term used for positive acts of government that seek to make constitutional guarantees a reality for all people, e.g., prohibitions of discrimination |
| alien | foreign-born resident, or non-citizen |
| process of incorporation | the process of incorporating, or including, most of the guarantees in the Bill of Rights into the 14th Amendment’s Due Process Clause |
| parochial | church-related, as in a parochial school |
| libel | false and malicious use of printed words |
| slander | false and malicious use of spoken words |
| symbolic speech | expression by conduct; communicating ideas through facial expressions, with body language, or by carrying a sign or wearing an armband |
| picketing | patrolling of a business site by workers who are on strike |
| prior restraint | idea that government cannot curb ideas before they are expressed |
| assemble | to gather with one another in order to express views on public matters |
| petition | a citizen's right to bring his or her view to the attention of public officials by such means as written petitions, letters, lobbying, and marches |
| civil disobedience | a form of protest in which people deliberately but non-violently violate the law as a means of expressing their opposition to some particular law or public policy |
| content neutral | the government may not regulate assemblies on the basis of what might be said |
| right of association | the right to associate with others to promote political, economic, and other social causes |
| due process | concept that holds that the government must act fairly and in accord with established rules in all that it does |
| procedural due process | concept that holds that the government must employ fair procedures and methods |
| substantive due process | concept that holds that the government must create fair policies and laws |
| police power | authority of each State to act to protect and promote the public health, safety, morals, and general welfare of its people |
| search warrant | court order authorizing a search |
| eminent domain | the power of a government to take private property for public use |
| involuntary servitude | forced labor |
| discrimination | bias, unfairness |
| probable cause | reasonable grounds, a reasonable suspicion of crime |
| writs of assistance | blanket search warrant with which British custom officials had invaded private homes to search for smuggled goods |
| exclusionary rule | ruling stating that evidence gained as the result of an illegal act by police cannot be used against the person from whom it was seized |
| writ of habeas corpus | court order that prevents unjust arrests and imprisonments |
| bill of attainder | legislative act that inflicts punishment without a court trial |
| ex post facto law | law applied to an act committed before its passage |
| grand jury | formal device by which a person can be accused of a serious crime |
| indictment | formal complaint before a grand jury that charges the accused with one or more crimes |
| presentment | formal accusation brought by the grand jury on its own motion, rather than that of the prosecutor |
| information | formal charge filed by a prosecutor without the action of a grand jury |
| double jeopardy | part of the 5th Amendment stating that no person can be put in jeopardy of life or limb twice; once a person has been tried for a crime, he or she cannot be tried again for the same crime |
| bench trial | trial in which the judge alone hears the case |
| bail | sum of money that the accused may be required to post (deposit with the court) as a guarantee that he or she will appear in court at the proper time |
| preventive detention | law that allows federal judges to order that an accused felon be held, without bail, when there is good reason to believe that he or she will commit yet another serious crime before the trial |
| capital punishment | death penalty |
| treason | betrayal of one's country; in the Constitution, by "levying war against the United States or offering comfort or aid to its enemies" |
Created by:
brittlloyd
Popular American Government sets