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History Study Guide
U.S. History Semester 1 Final Study Guide
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Reason why American Colonists settled along the seacoast and rivers in the 1600's | to carry out trade |
| Foundations of American Democracy | Mayflower Compact, House of Burgesses, Albany Plan of Union, New England town meetings. |
| Anti-Federalists | opposed ratification of the U.S. Constitution in 1787 because it failed to include a bill of rights |
| Thomas Paine and Common Sense | argued that the American colonies should break away from England & tried to convince colonists to declare their independence |
| Declaration of Independence | a social contract meant to guarantee individual rights and states that in a democracy power comes from the people "we hold these truths to be self-evident.." |
| Shay’s Rebellion | exposed weaknesses in gov. under the Articles of Confederation |
| Louisiana Purchase | when Pres. Thomas Jefferson got the Louisiana Territory from France he showed his modified belief that the Constitution should be strictly interpreted & it had great geographic significance for the U.S. because it focused the U.S. on westward expansion |
| Missouri Compromise of 1820 | Missouri would be admitted as a slave state, Maine be admitted a free state, all of Louisiana Territory north of 36°30' except within Missouri itself to be closed to slavery |
| Compromise of 1850 | settled conflicts of the North and South over Admission of states to the Union |
| Manifest Destiny | first used as a support of Westward expansion to the Pacific Ocean and it was first used in the Mexican War to justify the U.S. gov. actions |
| Economic differences of the North and South prior to the Civil War | transportation systems were more developed in the North, the South was more agriculture based, and the north was more industrial based |
| Lincoln’s goal in the Civil War | To preserve the Union |
| Seneca Falls Convention | often seen as the beginning of the Women's rights movement |
| Reconstruction Period | the period after the Civil War of reconstruction and where former slaves became citizens |
| President Andrew Johnson and the Reconstruction Period | during the Reconstruction period serious differences between Congress and Pres. Andrew Johnson about how to handle Reconstruction led to the impeachment of Pres. Johnson |
| Result of the Civil War | the power of the Central gov. was strengthened |
| Black Codes | following the Civil War many Southern states enacted Black Codes to restrict the rights of formerly enslaved persons |
| Native Americans | after the Civil War the way of life for Native Americans was different in that their country was taken away and their means of support. It broke their mode of living, their life habits, and gave them disease and decay |
| Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 | an example of actions that reflected widespread nativist sentiment |
| Indian Wars between 1860-1890 | were a result of the movement of settlers onto the Great Plains |
| Homestead Act of 1862 | provided free land to settlers and contributed to the development of the Great Plains |
| Transcontinental Railroad | contributed to the development of the Great Plains |
| Three-fifths Compromise | related to slavery and that a slave would count as 3/5 of a person in respect to representation |
| Reconstruction goals after the Civil War | heal wartime bitterness by quickly bringing the South back to the Union |
| Economic impact of the Civil War | South was embittered & devastated by war, factories, farms, railroads, & major cities were destroyed and in ruins, stayed a backwards agriculture-based economy & the poorest part of the nation for many decades |
| Tenements | were first built in the 19th century to house the poor as cheaply as possible |
| Women's’ Suffrage Movement | resulted in the passage of the 19th Amendment in 1920, led by Elizabeth Cady Stanton & Susan B. Anthony before & after Civil War, made a declaration of women's rights at Seneca Fall Convention in NY, reform movement made during the Jacksonian Democracy |
| Battleship Maine | because of the sinking of the Battleship Maine off the coast of Cuba, America became eager and willing to go to war against Spain |
| Why was the North worried about Great Britain during the Civil War? | North feared they might become an ally of the Confederacy |
| Impressments | the practice by which men were forced to serve as British sailors |
| Trail of Tears | the forced expulsion of Indians from the eastern part of the U.S. |
| Why did the South secede from the Union? | first Southern states seceded from the Union after the Wilmot Proviso proposed an American law to ban slavery in territory acquired from Mexico in the Mexican War |
| Emancipation Proclamation | declared slaves "rebelling" Southern states were free, made the destruction of slavery a Northern war aim, discouraged any interference from foreign gov.'s |
| Why could Lincoln not carry out his plan of Reconstruction? | he was assassinated a few days after Lee's surrender |
| Muckrakers | writers who exposed social conditions in need of reform (child labor, tenement housing, factory working conditions, etc) |
| Who had great job opportunities during WWI when they did not before the war? | Blacks and Women |
| Treaty of Versailles | France & Britain insisted on pushing Germany for the war, a League of Nations was created to prevent future wars and aggression, national boundaries were redrawn, creating many new nations |
| Why did US enter WWI? | to make the world safe for democracy, protect American lives and shipping, and uphold international law |
| League of Nations | was objected by Americans because U.S. foreign policy decisions would be made by an international organization |
| Americans reaction to WWI | they wanted insurance that the U.S. could stay out of conflict |
| Lusitania sinking | in response to the sinking the U.S. demanded Germany cease unrestricted submarine welfare |
| Zimmermann Telegram | proposed an alliance between Germany and Mexico to conquer the U.S. |
| Rapid Growth of Cities | need for public services (water & sewage), shortage of housing facilities, rise of slums & tenement houses |
| Progressivism | progressives sought to use the gov. to help create a just society, was a political response to industrialism & its social by-products, differed from populism bc it was more urban & enlisted more journalists, academics, & social theorists |
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KarinaAhumada
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