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Industrialization
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Henry Bessemer | developed a process to make steel stronger and more affordable. Can make more steel |
| Andrew Carnegie | 1870- starts to make steel in Pittsburgh, PA. Goal is to make steel as affordable as possible. Did this by controlling all steps in the steel making process. By 1900, the US provided more steel than any other country-Monopoly. Became rich. |
| John D. Rockefeller | built his first oil refinery in Cleveland, OH in 1863. By 1890 his Stndard Oil Co. controlled 90% of the oil industry-Monopoly. One of the richest men in the world. |
| George Westinghouse | Westinghouse Electric Co. -1896. Developed AC (alternating current) for use in homes and business. In the "War of currents" with Thomas Edison's company who used DC(direct current) Westinghouse had the better product so got more customers and won. |
| William Randolph Hearst | Developed newspaper business by using BIG eye-catching headlines, illustrations, and color. Owned most of the newspapers in the US by 1900-Monopoly. |
| Madame C. J. Walker | 1906- Bottled shampoo in her attic. Sold products door-to-door. First African-American woman to become a millionaire. |
| J. P. Morgan | Wealthiest and most powerful banker in US during industrial age. Invested in railroads, mining and steel. |
| Natural Resources | America had a lot and it helped industry grow. These are resources that are form nature, not made by people. Ex.:iron coal, oil, timber , water. |
| Human Resources | People who work to produce goods and services. Immigrants really helped grow the workforce during the Industrial Age. |
| Capital Resources | Tools, machines(money) that businesses use to produce goods and services |
| Monopoly | When one company has control of an industry. Cuts down on competition so it hurts the consumer by limiting choices and driving up prices. |
| Sweatshop | hot, cramped workshops where many industrial workers had to do their job before labor reform. |
| Triangle Shirtwaist Company | A company in NYC where workers complained about working in dangerous conditions. They asked owners to build fire escapes and to keep the doors unlocked. The owners refused. In March 1911 a fire broke out and the workers were trapped inside. 150 died. |
| Lewis Hine | Led the movement against child labor |
| Labor union | organized groups working to gain improved working conditions, better wages, more safety, and an end to child labor |
| Samuel Gompers | One of the early union leaders. Led unions to join together and form the American Federation of labor(AFL). |
| strike | workers refuse to work to try to force a business to meet their demands |
| Mary Harris Jones | helped lead the United Mine Workers in the Appalachian Mountains. She was known as "Mother Jones". |
| Labor Day | created by the labor unions to honor the workers in America. First held in 1882. Congress made it an official holiday in 1894. |
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