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General Science
ASVAB General Science Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| biology (bi/o + -logy) | the study of life |
| botany | the study of plants |
| zoology (zo/o + -logy) | the study of animals |
| geophysics, geology, geodesy, meteorology, planetary magnetism, oceanography | earth sciences |
| geodesy (ge/o + desy) | the study of the size of the earth |
| chemistry | the study of matter |
| the divisions of the sciences | life, earth, physical |
| physics | the study of the forces of matter and energy |
| scientific problem solving | the scientific method |
| the five (5) steps collectively known as the scientific method | observation, hypothesis, experiment, theory, law or principle |
| homeostasis | balanced internal environment |
| the unity principle | all living species share common characteristics |
| protoplasm | basic living substance |
| enzyme | speeds up chemical reactions |
| replicate | to make an exact copy |
| metabolism | biochemical activities |
| adaptation | survival trait |
| species | the basic unit of classification among living things; a group of similar organisms that can mate and produce fertile offspring |
| life functions | the 8 activities necessary to sustain life |
| the eight (8) activities necessary for life | nutrition, circulation, respiration, excretion, synthesis, regulation, growth, reproduction |
| nutrition | ingestion, digestion, assimilation |
| nutrients (Nachooo :P) | food molecules or particles |
| ingestion | taking in food |
| digestion | changing nutrients into forms usable to a cell |
| assimilation | changing nutrients into protoplasm |
| circulation | movement of fluid within the body |
| respiration | breathing and cellular respiration |
| breathing | air moving into the lungs or water moving over the gills; O2 moves into the blood and CO2 moves out of the blood |
| cellular respiration | releasing energy from glucose (sugar) |
| excretion | removal of respiratory waste products; performed by lungs, skin, kidneys |
| synthesis | building small molecules into bigger ones |
| amino acids | protein building blocks |
| hormone | chemical messenger; produced by endocrine glands |
| regulation | control and coordination |
| body systems that coordinate | the nervous and endocrine systems |
| auxins | regulate plant growth and development |
| growth | increase in cell size and number |
| mitosis | type of cell division that produces offspring |
| reproduction | producing new life |
| the two (2) kinds of reproduction | asexual and sexual |
| asexual reproduction | offspring created with one parent |
| chromosome | small "body" in a nucleus made of genes |
| sexual reproduction | offspring created with two parents |
| gamete | sex cell |
| cell | basic unit of life |
| organelle | little organ within a cell |
| cell membrane | plasma membrane; holds the cell together and allows selective passage |
| selective passage | controlling what goes in and out of a cell |
| cytoplasm | cellular living substance |
| nucleus | control center organelle |
| endoplasmic reticulum | transportation organelle |
| ribosome | protein synthesis organelle |
| golgi body | golgi apparatus; storage organelle |
| mitochondrion | cellular respiration or powerhouse organelle |
| lysosome | enzyme releasing organelle |
| genes | genetic information responsible for hereditary traits passing from parent to offspring |
| cell wall | the outer part of the plant cell |
| cellulose | makes up the cell wall |
| chlorophyll | contain chloroplasts; participates in photosynthesis |
| photosynthesis | converts sun energy into nutrients |
| flagella or cilia | functions in movement |
| compound | made of two or more substances |
| inorganic | not made of C; water, mineral salts |
| organic | made of C; carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids |
| carbohydrate | organic compound with a H:O = 2:1 which means it's an energy source |
| glucose | carbohydrate made of C6H12O6 |
| lipid | fat; organic compound with a H:O > 2:1 which means it's > carbohydrate as an energy source |
| protein | organic compound made of C H O N |
| nucleic acid | organic compound made of C and H |
| deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) | organic compound that makes up genes |
| catalyst | controls chemical reaction rates |
| meiosis | type of cell division that produces gametes |
| fertilzation | union of sperm and egg |
| artifical twinning | creating clones by splitting embryos |
| plant kingdom | includes all plant species |
| multicellular | many-celled |
| specilization | different cells perform different tasks |
| division of labor | groups of cells work together to perform a life function |
| algae | single-celled plant species that can live in fresh or salt water |
| terrestrial | land-dwelling |
| roots | anchor plants in the soil and absorb water and dissolved materials |
| the three (3) plant body parts | roots, stems, leaves |
Created by:
Ms.Quita
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