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AmericanHistoryVocab
Labor movement and growth of cities
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Social Darwinism | Natural selection- the strongest business survive, and the government doesn't intervene. |
| Monopoly | One company (person) that controls an entire industry (no competition) |
| Robber Barons | Men like Carnegie and Rockefeller, who use corrupt business practices to dominate an industry |
| Union | Group of workers/laborers that come together to demand change; better wages, working conditions, treatment |
| American Federation of Labor | Union founded by Samuel Gompers for craft or skilled labor |
| Industrial Workers of the World (Wobblies) | Union they wanted to overthrow capitalism, workers take control of all industry |
| Eugene Debs | Led the Railroad Union, ran for President several times as a member of the Socialist party “Father of American Socialism” |
| Elevator | (Elisha Otis) developed in 1861 |
| Louis Sullivan | Skyscraper designer. The purpose is more important than elegance (design motto "form follows function") |
| Electricity | (Thomas Edison) The better version of the light bulb was developed in 1879 |
| Alexander Graham Bell | (Telephone) developed in 1876 for faster communications |
| Department Stores | Provided a large variety of merchandise for less money and better quality Ex: Woolworth's, John Wanamaker's, Marshall Field's |
| New Mass Transit Systems | Cable Cars (cities like San Francisco and Chicago by mid 1880's), Subway (Boston in 1897, afford to live farther from city), Brooklyn Bridge (improved regional transit lines) |
| Mass Housing (Tenements) | A place for the Urban poor and many incoming immigrants. James E. Ware won publications contest for tenement design (Dumbbell tenement-thinner in center so allowed light to enter, often filled w/ garbage, air allowed fire to spread( |
| Cholera/Yellow Fever | Diseases that were common epidemics that killed many |
| Vices | Gambling-hopes of wealth, Prostitution-additional income, Alcoholism- false means of escape |
| Gangs | Members were youth that worked in factories and pauperism, they roamed the streets. Poverty breed crime, theft, and violence |