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AP Euro Ch.21 terms
ellam vocab
| Word | Definition |
|---|---|
| Jean le Rond D’Alembert | coeditor of the Encyclopedie |
| Assignats | Paper currency, the French churches were used as collateral -the first French paper currency issued by the General Assembly |
| Bastille | Medieval fortress that was converted to a prison stormed by peasants for ammunition during the early stages of the French Revolution |
| Bougeoisie | Comfortable members of the 3rd estate. Basically middle class, wanted the privileges of the nobility and upper clergy |
| Revolutionary Calendar | Created by the National Convention, it established after the French Revolution -day one was the first day of the French Republic |
| Committee of Public Safety | Established and led by Robespierre, fixed bread prices and nationalized some businesses. Basically secret police and also controlled the war effort. Instigated the Reign of Terror |
| Conspiracy of Equals | Led by "Gracchus" Babeuf an attempt to renew violent rebellion after the Thermidore reaction,-communistic in nature. |
| Consulate | Form of government which followed the directory -established by Napoleon-ended when Napoleon was crowned emperor. |
| National Convention | The third estate of the Estates General -broke from the Estates because they wanted the Estates to sit as a committee and not as segregated groups. |
| Danton | Led the Mountains with Robespierre-also executed with Robespierre |
| David | Napoleon’s painter-painted the famous portrait of Napoleon’s coronation |
| Declaration of the Rights of Man | Written by the National Convention -declared all men could do anything as long as it did not harm others. |
| Directory | Group of five men who served as liaisons between Robespierre and the Assembly. Overthrown by Napoleon |
| Encyclopedie | Collection of works compiled during the Enlightenment -explained many aspects of society |
| Estates General | Not called since 1614-finally called by Louis XVI at the advice of his financial minister-demanded control over the King’s finances -he refused and dismissed them-sat as three segregated groups. |
| Gabelle | Tax on salt during pre-revolutionary France-included in the Estate’s list of grievances. |
| Girondists | One of the two halves of the divided National Convention |
| Great Fear | Followed the storming of the Bastille-people were scared of outlaws and reprisals-fanned flames of rebellion. |
| Guillotine | Fast and relatively humane-used for mass executions |
| Intendants | Created by Napoleon-kept watch over their own area of France -allowed Napoleon not to have to worry about petty problems |
| Levee en Masse | Law that obligated all French men between certain ages to enlist in the army. |
| Louis XVI | King of France-executed for treason by the National Convention-absolute monarch-husband of Marie Antoinette |
| Marie Antoinette | Louis XVI’s wife -executed |
| Robespierre | Member of the National Assembly-led the Mountains-began and led the Committee of Public Safety-began the Reign of Terror |
| Sans-culottes | Petty laborers and laboring poor-wore pants not knee breeches-became a major political group in revolutionary France |
| Tennis Court Oaths | Taken by the National Assembly-stated that they would not disband until they had made a new constitution. Met here because they were unable to go to their meeting place. |
| First Estate | Clergy |
| Second Estate | Nobility |
| Third Estate | Artisans etc. Everyone not in the First or Second Estate |
| Thermidorean Reaction | A reaction against the violence of the Reign of Terror. Robespierre was executed |
| Ancien Regime | The old order before the Revolution in France |
| Regicide | The killing of the king |
| Versailles | Site of palace outside Paris. Women marched there to demand action from Louis XVI |
| Mary Wollstonecraft | Wrote Vindication of the Rights of Man and A Vindication of the Rights of Women |
| Berlin Decree | 1806-issued by Napoleon, instituted the Continental System, in the response to British blockade of commercial ports under French control |
| Joseph Bonaparte | Napoleon's brother, made king of Spain but unable to control the Spanish which led to the costly Peninsula War |
| Confederation of the Rhine | League of German States organized by Napoleon in 1813 after defeating the Austrians at Austerlitz. The league collapsed after Napoleon's defeat in Russia |
| Continental System | 1806-12)French economic plan to cripple Britain. Russia's refusal to conform led to the Russian campaign |
| The Grand Army | Combined French armies under Napoleon. Virtually destroyed during Napoleon's ill-fated Russian campaign. |
| Louis XVIII | (1814-24) tried to issue a Constitutional Charter which accepted many revolutionary changes and guaranteed civil liberties |
| Napoleonic Code | Passed by Napoleon. Took away many of the rights gained by women, aimed at reestablihing the "family monarchy". Modified after Napoleon's defeat |
| Peninsula War | France was forced to invade Spain after the failure of Joseph Bonaparte. Very costly for Napoleon. The Duke of Wellington helped the Spanish. |
| Plebiscite | A vote of the people |
| Rosetta Stone | Found by one of Napoleon's officers during the Egyptian campaign. Allowed people to decipher hieroglyphics |
| Talleyrand | French representative at the Congress of Vienna and limited the demands of other countries upon the French |
| Saint Helena | South Atlantic island. Napoleon's final home after the Battle of Waterloo |
| Castlereagh | British representative at Congress of Vienna |
| The Hundred Days | The time from Napoleon's return from exile on Elba to defeat at Waterloo |
| Trafalgar | (October 1805) Britain's Admiral Nelson destroyed the combined French and Spanish navies. Nelson was killed but invasion of Britain now became impossible. |
| Metternich | Austrian foreign minister who basically controlled the Congress of Vienna. Wanted to promote peace, conservatism, and the repression of libaral nationalism throughout Europe |
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