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The Great Depression
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Great Depression | The worst economic times in U.S. History, characterized by business failures, high unemployment, and falling prices |
| Herbert Hoover | Republican President elected before the stock market crash, he remained committed to laissez-faire capitalism even while the economy spiraled down |
| Franklin D. Roosevelt | Democratic President that promised Americans a "New Deal" that would create jobs |
| John Steinbeck | Wrote article about "Oakies" living in migrant workers camps in California; wrote the novel, The Grapes of Wrath |
| Dorothea Lang | A photographer who documented the suffering people of the Great Depression |
| Dust Bowl | The Great Plains were know by this term after a series of droughts and mismanagement of farmland literally dried up hundreds of miles of lands, turning them to dust. |
| New Deal | a series of programs and projects instituted during the Great Depression by President Franklin D. Roosevelt that aimed to restore prosperity to Americans |
| Hoovervilles | Shanty towns of the homeless and unemployed that sprang up on the outskirts of cities during the depression. |
| Fireside Chats | Frequent radio addressed made by FDR to the American people to explain his policies and restore public confidence in government. |
| Eleanor Roosevelt | FDR’s wife who traveled the country and reported what she saw to the president. She was an activist for women’s rights and the poor. |
| Relief, Recovery, Reform | The "New Deal" Measures that Roosevelt enacted in his first hundred days as president in order to combat the economic crisis. |
| National Recovery Administration | (1933) Asked businesses to voluntarily follow codes which set standard prices, production limits, and minimum wages—it was later found to be unconstitutional by the Supreme Court. |
| Banking crisis | When fear that a bank was unstable, customers would withdraw all their money en mass, causing banks to fail. FDR enacted a “Bank Holliday” to evaluate the strength of each bank. |
| Agricultural Adjustment Acts | (1933/1938) Government subsidies to farmers in an attempt to increase crop prices. The first one was declared unconstitutional. |
| Civilian Conservation Crops | (1933) Gave jobs to young men, such as planting trees. They lived in camps and sent most of their wages to their parents. |
| Federal Reserve | the central bank of the United States. It was created by the Congress to provide the nation with a safer, more flexible, and more stable monetary and financial system. |
| Gold Standard | the system by which the value of a currency was defined in terms of gold, for which the currency could be exchanged. Roosevelt stopped this in 1933 by executive order |
| Fiat Money | Intrinsically valueless money used as money because of government decree |
| Twenty-second Amendment | limits the president to only two 4 year terms in office. |
| Schechter Poultry v. U.S. | The Supreme Court ruled that even during a crisis, Congress could not give the President more powers than those granted in the Constitution. |
| Court-packing Plan | (1937) Roosevelt proposed that the President be allowed a new appointment for each Justice who was over 70.5 years. old. This idea was rejected. |
Created by:
The9tailedFox
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