Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
GU pathogens
Microbiology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Normal GU flora (women) | Lactobacilli (most predominant); Staph. spp. (mostly coag neg); Strep. spp. (mostly Group B); Gardnerella vaginalis, Mycoplasma, Ureaplasma, Enterobacteriaceae; many anaerobes (Bacteroides, Clostridium, Peptostreptococcus) |
| Anaerobic bac normal GU flora (women) | Bacteroides, Clostridium, Peptostreptococcus |
| most predominant normal GU flora (women) | Lactobacilli |
| Affects female GU microbial population | Microbial population under hormonal influence |
| Viral Genital Syndromes/Etiologic Agents | HPV (genital warts / cervical dysplasia); HSV; HIV; Hepatitis B, C, D |
| Causes genital warts (Condyloma acuminatum)/cervical dysplasia | HPV |
| Genital Herpes | HSV Type 1 or 2 (used to by Type 2) |
| Effect of HSV-1 on HSV-2 | Prior HSV-1 infxn blunts response to HSV-2 |
| Can be transmitted on fomites; asymptomatic shedding important in dz transmission | HPV |
| Non-gonoccocal urethritis (NGU) and cervicitis: | Chlamydia trachomatis (50%); Mycoplasma hominis ; Ureaplasma; Trichomonas; Mycoplasma genitalium |
| main reservoir for infection: asymptomatic women | Gonorrhea |
| infection in males usually limited to urethra | Gonorrhea |
| present with dysuria ± penile discharge | Gonorrhea |
| epididymitis & prostatitis rare complications | Gonorrhea |
| primary site of infection in females is cervix | Gonorrhea |
| If gonorrhea untreated can result in: | ascending genital infection |
| 1-3% of untreated women can develop disseminated disease | Gonorrhea |
| penile discharge or dysuria: watery = (1); thicker = (2) | (1) chlamydia; 2) gonorrhea |
| Nongenital gonorrhea infections | Pharyngitis, neonatal conjunctivitis |
| Incidence of NGU cf to gono urethritis | NGU twice as common (but mixed infxns can occur) |
| Most common bacterial STD | C. trachomatis |
| Near epidemic in sexually active teenagers | C. trachomatis |
| Alters vaginal normal flora → complex, ascending polymicrobial genital infections | C. trachomatis |
| Disseminated gonococcal infection (arthritis, dermatitis) | N. gonorrhoeae |
| Causes of bacterial vaginitis: Polymicrobic: | G. vaginalis, Mobiluncus, non-Fragilis Bacteroides, Actinomyces |
| Cause of Chancroid | Haemophilus ducreyi |
| Cause of Lymphogranuloma inguinale | Chlamydia trachomatis (serovars) |
| Cause of Syphilis | Treponema pallidum |
| Epididymitis/Prostatitis in males < 35 yrs.: | C. trachomatis +/- N. gonorrhoeae |
| Epididymitis/Prostatitis in males > 35 yrs.: | Enterobacteriaceae |
| Proctitis (anal receptive intercourse): | C. trachomatis, N. gonorrhoeae |
| Characterize Treponema pallidum | Organism is extremely labile; humans only host; not highly contagious |
| Treponema pallidum transmission | dz transmitted by sexual contact, congenitally, or by transfusion |
| Primary syphilis | characteristic (PAINLESS) chancre develops @ site of inoculation |
| Secondary syphilis | flu-like symptoms followed by diffuse rash |
| tertiary syphilis | any organ, rare now; CNS manifestations, gummas |
| confirmatory FTA for syphilis | Always remains positive |
| "Imitator" diseases | TB, Lyme, syphilis |
| Rare (in developed countries) STD characterized by PAINFUL, irregular genital ulcers | Chancroid |
| Superficial exudate: yellow or necrotic, foul-smelling | Chancroid |
| Dz also characterized by markedly, swollen painful inguinal nodes known as buboes | Chancroid |
| Transmission strictly by sexual contact | Chancroid |
| Chancroid prevalence | Few hundred cases annually in US |
| School of fish pattern on microscopy | Haemophilus ducreyi (chancroid) |
| Ulcerative STD, very rare in US, caused by a serovar of C. trachomatis (CT) | Lymphogranuloma venereum |
| How does Lymphogranuloma venereum vary from other infxns caused by CT? | LG affects lymphatic, not mucosal, tissue |
| primary LG | ulcerative |
| secondary LG | papular lesions; systemic symptoms |
| tertiary LG | extensive scarring, chronic lymphatic obstruction, genital elephantiasis |
| Buboes may be present | Chancroid (H ducreyi); Lymphogranuloma venereum |
| very rare (in US) genital ulcerative disease; very long incubation period | Granuloma inguinale (Donovanosis) |
| Endemic in warmer climates: South America, Caribbean, southern Africa | Granuloma inguinale (Donovanosis) |
| Etiologic agent of Granuloma inguinale (Donovanosis) | Klebsiella granulomatis |
| Granuloma inguinale (Donovanosis) = unusual member of: | the Enterobacteriaceae |
| Limit to growth of Granuloma inguinale (Donovanosis) | Cannot be grown outside of cell |
| very small, pleiomorphic rod seen in clinical specimens in cytoplasm of neutrophils, macrophages | Granuloma inguinale (Donovanosis) |
| disease acquired by sexual contact or trauma to genital area | Granuloma inguinale (Donovanosis) |
| Trichomonas vaginitis: considered STD? | Yes |
| Vaginitis etiology | Can be bacterial, parasitic (urogenital protozoan) or fungal |
| Bacterial vaginitis (BV) results from: | disruption of normal vaginal flora; clue cells seen on saline wet prep, Gardnerella, Mobilicus implicated |
| yeast vaginitis usually caused by: | Candida spp |
| Yeast or bac vaginitis may be triggered by: | postmenses (may see s/s more then) |
| Vaginitis: must tx partners if caused by: | Trichomonas (b/c it's an STD) |
| non-specific inflammation of the penis | Balanitis |
| Etiology of Balanitis | Candida spp; HPV; T. pallidum; Gardnerella spp; Group A, Group B strep; etiologic agent often age-associated |
| Prototypical causative spp of Vaginitis/Balanitis | Candida albicans |
| Other Candida spp that can cause Vaginitis/Balanitis | Candida tropicalis, pseudotropicalis, krusei, glabrata (may be associated with resistance) = opportunistic infections |
| Tx for Candida Vaginitis/Balanitis | Azoles, nystatin; topical or P.O |
| GU Parasitic Agents | T. vaginalis (Trichomoniasis); Phthirus pubis (pubic lice); Sarcoptes scabei (Scabies) |
| flagellated protozoa that exists in trophozoite form only | Trichomonas |
| Common Trichomoniasis S/S | Infxn in men and women often asymptomatic |
| Transmission of Trichomonas | Asymptomatic men reservoir for infxn; fomites rarely serve as means of transmission |
| Normal urinary tract flora | Only anterior urethra |
| Normal urinary tract flora | Only anterior urethra |
| Viral urinary syndromes: | None |
| transient urinary tract colonizers: | Enterobacteriaceae, Candida, Enterococcus |
| Acute cystitis (“lower” UTI): | E. coli ( uropathic strain, approx. 80%); Staph. Saprophyticus; Enterococcus spp.; Enterobacteriaceae (Klebsiella, Proteus, Serratia, Providencia) |
| Pyelonephritis (“upper”) agents: | Same as lower (cystitis) |
| Indigenous urinary tract colonizers: | Lactobacillus, Corynebacterium, coagulase negative Staph. |
| #1 cause of UTIs (community & nosocomial) | E. coli (uropathic strain) |
| infecting strains of E coli originate from: | GI tract |
| Tx for E coli UTI | SMZ/TMP is DOC; resistance emerging (in community = 11-12%); other common tx is macrobid/macrodantin |
| ?? at increased risk of E coli infxn due to ?? | women, due to short urethra |
| E coli UTI transmission via: | fecal contamination of urethra or catheter use (hospitalized patients |
| Urinary GPC in clusters | Staph sapro |
| Common in healthy young sexually active women; normal flora in skin of GU tract; poor hygiene plays role in infection | Staph sapro |
| Urosepsis in older pts | E coli |
| Staph sapro virulence factors: | multiple antibiotic resistance; hemagglutinin; ? urease |
| Tx for Staph sapro | Septra & cipro cover it; Macrodantin doesn’t cover it |
| Cutaneous, mucosal and anogenital syndromes | HPV |
| GU viral pathogen; >100 types: | HPV |
| HPV types 6 & 11 | Associated with genital warts |
| HPV types 16 &18 | Associated with cervical dysplasia |
| virus capable of oncogenic transformation | HPV |
Created by:
Abarnard
Popular Bacteriology sets