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Skin Pathogens
Microbiology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Normal Flora of skin | Staphylococci (esp. coag neg); Corynebacteria; Propionibacteria; Streptococci (only transient inhabitants); Clostridium perfringens |
| Viral skin infxns assoc with exanthems/fever | Measles, rubella, roseola, fifth disease |
| Mucocutaneous herpes simplex | HSV, pharyngitis, whitlow, gladiotorum |
| Molluscum contagiosum | pox virus |
| Chicken pox/shingles | VZV |
| Herpetic whitlow = ? | HSV of the fingers |
| “vesicular lesion on erythematous base” | herpes |
| Evolution of herpes | Starts as vesicle, then erosion, then crusting & scabbing |
| Large DNA virus (poxvirus); strictly human pathogen with worldwide distribution | Molluscum contagiosum |
| Pearl-like, umbilicated papules | Molluscum contagiosum |
| Molluscum contagiosum is spread by: | Direct (including sexual) contact; auto-inoculation |
| Bacterial bite infxns: relative seriousness of cat vs human vs dog | cat bites > human bites (40%) > dog bites (10%) |
| Bacterial bite infxns: relative seriousness of extremities vs head and neck | extremities > head and neck |
| Bacterial bite infxns: relative seriousness of puncturesvs lacerations | punctures > lacerations |
| Superficial bacterial infections include: | Acne (Proprionibacterium acnes); Rosacea; Bites |
| Likely cause of early infections from bites | Pasturella multocida |
| Likely cause of late infections from bites | Staphylococcus spp.; Streptococcus spp. |
| Implicated in bite infxns | Capnocytophaga canimorsus; Eikenella corrodens; Haemophilus spp; Pseudomonas spp. |
| Boils, furuncles, carbuncles | Staph aureus |
| Cutaneous infections: Cellulitis: | Group A Strep (rare: Staph. aureus) [Cellulitis: infxn of subcutaneous tissue] |
| Erysipelas: | Group A Streptococcus |
| Impetigo: | Classic = Group A Strep; Bullous = Staph. Aureus |
| Folliculitis usu caused by: | Staph. aureus |
| Hot tub folliculitis: | Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
| Rare bacterial causes of cellulitis and abscesses: | Nocardia, Vibrio vulnificus |
| Skin infxn with Nocardia is often the result of: | penetrating trauma |
| Cause of cellulitis seen after Hurricane Katrina (from standing in water) | Vibrio vulnificus |
| superficial fungal infxns are found in: | outermost layer of skin/hair |
| cutaneous fungal infxns are found in: | deeper epidermis/integuments |
| subcutaneous fungal infxns are found in: | dermis/subcutaneous tissues, muscles, and fascia |
| hypopigmented/hyperpigmented macular lesions especially on trunk | Tinea versicolor/Malassezia furfur |
| Etiologic Agents of Superficial Fungal Syndromes | Tinea versicolor/Malassezia furfur; Candida spp |
| yeast is normal flora of: | skin, oropharynx, GI tract, and female GU tract |
| Signs of superficial Candida infxn | intertrigo, diaper rash, paronychia, onychomycosis |
| Tx for superficial Candida infxn is: | topical, except for onychomycosis |
| Dermatophytes are generally restricted to | keratinized layers of integument |
| geophilic, zoophilic, or anthropophilic | Dermatophytes (cutaneous fungal infxn) |
| Madura foot caused by | Mycetoma |
| Treatment for mycetoma infxn | Dapsone, SMZ/TMP |
| Normal flora of mouth & mucous membranes | Streptococci (viridans group and Group D); many anaerobes (Peptostreptococci, Lactobacilli, Fusobacterium, Actinomyces israelii, Neisseria spp., Haemophilus spp) |
| Normal flora of mouth & mucous membranes | Streptococci (viridans group and Group D); many anaerobes (Peptostreptococci, Lactobacilli, Fusobacterium, Actinomyces israelii, Neisseria spp., Haemophilus spp) |
| Viral Oral Syndromes/Etiologic Agents | Stomatitis/HSV; Herpangina, hand/foot/mouth disease: Coxsackie; Apthous ulcers (?); Mucocutaneous ulcers/HSV |
| Gingivitis/bacterial plaque | Gram positive cocci and bacilli |
| Bacterial agents of parapharyngeal space infections / polymicrobial infection | Strep. spp., Eikenella corrodens, anaerobes |
| Bacterial agents of peridontitis / polymicrobic | Mostly gram negative |
| Dental caries | Strep. spp.; esp. Strep. mutans |
| Muscle infxns usually caused by ____; incidence limited to ____ | Cl spp, esp C. perfringens; patients with severe traumatic injuries |
| Bone infxns usually due to: | Staph aureus (but any organism possible) |
| Mechanism of action of bone infection | infection by hematogenous spread from cutaneous site |
| Infxns of Kingella kingae most commonly involve the: | femur, talus or calcaneus |
| Non-skeletal sites of Kingella kingae infxn | Lower respiratory tract, bloodstream, and heart valves |
| Bone infxm/osteomyelitis in Sickle Cell patients likely to be: | Salmonella |
| Bone infxm/osteomyelitis in IVDU’s: | Sternoclavicular joint and ribs also site of infection, P. aeruginosa common |
| Bone infxm/osteomyelitis in prosthetic valves, joints: | Staph. epidermidis |
| Chronic bone infection | Implanted orthopedic hardware |
| Mastitis is a common ____ infxn, usually due to _____ | postpartum; Staph. aureus |
| Caused by various dematiaceous fungi; generally slow growers | Chromoblastomycosis/Phaeohyphomycosis |
| Deadly dematiaceous fungi | Xylohypha (formerly Cladosporium) |
Created by:
Abarnard
Popular Bacteriology sets