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Chapter 10
The High and Late Middle Ages
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Holy Land | Palestine, the area where Jesus of Nazareth lived |
| Pilgrim | a person who travels to visit a holy place |
| Muslim | a follower of Islam, the religion that Muhammad founded in Arabia in the 7th century |
| Schism | a permanent separation |
| Crusade | any of the military journeys taken by Christians to win the Holy Land from the Muslims |
| Feudalism | a political and military system based on the holding of land |
| Lord | a king or a noble who gave land to someone else |
| Vassal | a person who received land from a king or noble |
| Fief | the land and peasants who farmed it, which a lord gave to a vassal |
| Page | a young noble who learned certain behaviors to become a knight |
| Squire | a 15-year-old page who learned how to ride a gorse and use weapons to become a knight |
| Manor | the part of a fief that peasants farm to support the lord's family |
| Blacksmith | a person who works with iron and makes tools and weapons |
| Serf | a peasant who was bound to the land and whose life was controlled by the lord of the manor |
| Moat | a dug-out area filled with water that circles a castle |
| Drawbridge | a bridge that can be raised or lowered over a moat |
| Courtyard | a large open area inside the castle walls |
| Joust | a contest between two knights carrying lances and riding horses |
| Bishop | a priest who is in charge of other priests and a number of churches |
| Romanesque | a style of building that was like what the Romans built with thick walls and arches |
| Gothic | a style of architecture with thin walls, pointed arches, many windows and flying buttresses |
| Parliament | the English council or lawmaking assembly |