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Chapter 7 Test
Ms. Hall SJMS Study Guide Chapter 7
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Angel Island | Place where many Asian immigrants were processed into the U.S. |
| Ellis Island | Place where many European immigrants were processed into the U.S. |
| Assimilation | The process by which people from other cultures who live in the U.S. gradually adopt American ways. |
| William Marcy "Boss" Tweed | Leader of Tammany Hall, well-known example of political machine. |
| Hull House | Model of settlement houses, founded by Jane Addams |
| Political machine | An organization that held control by finding food, jobs, and other favors in exchange for votes. |
| Urbanization | The growth of cities as a result of industrialization |
| Tammany Hall | Political machine led by "Boss" Tweed in New York City. |
| Transportation | One of the reasons why industries were drawn to cities, the other reason was availibility of workers. |
| Jane Addams | Founded Hull House in Chicago. |
| Social Gospel Movement | Led by ministers in the late 1800's, dedicated to improving the lives of the urban poor. |
| Streetcars and trolleys | Allowed people to live further away from their jobs and allowed suburbs to develop. |
| New Immigrants | Came from Eastern and Southern Europe |
| Old Immigrants | Came from Western and Northern Europe |
| Immigrant Neighborhoods | Immigrants settled in areas where they could finds jobs and people with similiar ethnic backgrounds. |
| Groups that moved to cities | Immigrants, farmers, African-Americans from the South |
| Gold | Thousands of miners ignored Sioux rights and rushed onto Sioux land when this was discovered in the Black Hills. |
| Former Slaves | This group of people were attracted to the Great Plains because they wanted to escape discrimination in the South and have the chance to own land. |
| Free land | The government gave this to the railroad which they advertised in Europe and sold to settlers. |
| Little Bighorn | Battle where General Custer and his men were outnumbered and killed by the Sioux |
| Money and Land | Government gifts given to the railroad companies to help the development of the transcontinental railroad. |
| Reasons for Westward Expansion | Adventure, new beginning for freed slaves, cheap land, opportunity for wealth from silver and gold. |
| Negative effects of industrialization | Low wages, long hours and poor working conditions |
| J. D. Rockefeller | Captain of Industry who made his fortune in the oil refining business |
| Alexander G. Bell | Inventor of the telephone |
| Natural Resources | Railroads moved these from the west to the east. |
| Eastern Factories | Railroads moved natural resources to these |
| National Markets | Railroads brought goods to these |
| Department stores | New kind of stores in the 1880's that sold many different kind of products |
| Ragtime | New type of music created in the early 1900's that was a mixture of African-American songs and European music. |
| Vaudeville | Popular live entertainment that mixed song, dance and comedy. |
| Leisure | Free time |
| Hearst and Pulitizer | Two major newspaper publishers who competed for readers in NYC. |
| Mail order catalogs | Booklets including pictures and descriptions of merchandise that were sent to customers so they could order by mail. |
| Scott Joplin | Composer of Ragtime and "Maple Leaf Rag" |
| Jackie Robinson | 1st African American to integrate into baseball |
| Sears Roebuck and Montgomery Ward | 1st two mail order catalog companies |
| Jim Crow laws | Group of laws enforced segregation of white and black people in public places |
| WEB DuBois | African-American who helped found the NAACP, believed in full political, civil and societal rights for African-Americans. |
| "Plessy v. Ferguson" | US Supreme Court case the ruled "separate but equal" was allowed. |
| Grandfather Clause | Rule in the South that allowed poor whites to vote, but kept African-Americans from voting. |
| Poll Tax and Literacy Test | Used after Civil War and 15th Amendment to keep African-Americans from voting in the South. |
| Richmond, Virginia | 1st city with electric streetcar system. |
| Skyscraper and elevator | New technologies that helped cities grow in the late 1800's and early 1900's. |
| Ida B. Wells | African-American journalist who led a fight against lynching. |
| Ku Klu Klan | A group that used violence to keep blacks from challenging segregation, it was formed during Reconstruction. |
| Mechanization | Reduced farm labor needs and increased production |
| Booker T. Washington | African-American leader that helped found Tuskegee Institute and believed equality could be achieved through vocational education. |
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