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Unit 7 Vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Communism | workers will overthrow the capitalist economy and create a dictatorship where everyone will share the means of production and be equal (extreme form of socialism) |
| Socialism | economic theory under which the means of production are publicly controlled and regulated rather than owned by individuals |
| Red Scare | fear that communists were working the destroy capitalism and the American way of life |
| Eighteenth Amendment | passed 1919; prohibited alcohol; result of temperance movement & anti-German sentiment from WWI |
| Nineteenth Amendment | passed 1920; right to vote for women |
| Henry Ford | developed the Model T & Ford Motor Company; made cars affordable through use of assembly line & mass production |
| Mass Production | production of goods in large numbers through the use of machinery and assembly lines |
| Advertising | nationwide campaigns launched to sell things like cars and new houses; people think they "need" new things instead of "wanting" them |
| Consumerism | large-scale buying; much of it on credit (buy now, pay later) |
| Mass Media | began after WWI - commercial radio and movies became unifying force in the national culture |
| Radio | broadcasts of music, stories, sports, and news were nationwide creating a stronger national, rather than regional, identity; mass marketing; branding |
| Movies | egan as silent films; 1920s added sound; entertainment industry so popular it influenced national culture. |
| National Culture | people want to be like stars - clothes, products, activities. |
| Jazz | first true form of American music; born in Deep South out of musical traditions of slaves; Duke Ellington & Louis Armstrong |
| Harlem Renaissance | first significant movement from Black culture; originated in Harlem, NYC - Literature, music, art, and dance all produced |
| Modernist Movement | artistic movement of 1920s; abstract paintings and art deco movement |
| Langston Hughes | Harlem Renaissance poet that used rhythms of Black music and free verse |
| Overproduction | Supply surplus; USA had more goods than consumers because European countries in recession = no market overseas. |
| Underconsumption | people quit spending money on "wants" and only bought necessities after market crashed; slowed down economy |
| Stock Market Crash of 1929 | caused by “Get Rich Quick” attitudes of stock speculators; buyers borrowed money then had no way to pay back so sold off stocks ; mass selling led to crash in October 1929 |
| Great Depression | period from 1929-1941 where US economy faltered and unemployment soared |
| Dust Bowl | drought suffered in Great Plains during the 1930s; led to dust storms and large group of people moving west to California in search of fertile land |
| Unemployment | people who are actively searching for a job but cannot find one; out of work |
| Hoovervilles | houses created by packing crates & cardboard boxes during Great Depression by homeless people |
| President Franklin D. Roosevelt | 32nd president from 1932-1945; democrat; led nation through Great Depression with New Deal programs that greatly expanded size of national government |
| New Deal | FDR's plan for relief, recovery, and reform during Great Depression |
| Social Security Act | Second New Deal program; old-age pensions, unemployment insurance, and aid to the disabled |
| Second New Deal | FDR's plan to help people who did not benefit from first New Deal programs (elderly, minorities, etc) |
| Eleanor Roosevelt | FDR's wife; 1st First Lady of US to speak out about social issues; advocate for minorities, the poor, and women |
| Public Works Administration (PWA) | New Deal agency that provided millions of jobs constructing public buildings, airports, dams, and bridges |
| Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) | New Deal Program; provided young men with jobs on environmental conservation projects |
| Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) | New Deal agency created to build dams in Tennessee River to control flooding and generate electric power |
| Federal Deposits Insurance Corporation (FDIC) | provided insurance on bank accounts; created to restore confidence in banks |
| Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) | regulates the stock market; meant to limit speculation and prevent another crash |
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