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Unit 7 Vocabulary
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Communism | workers will overthrow the capitalist economy and create a dictatorship where everyone will share the means of production and be equal (extreme form of socialism) |
Socialism | economic theory under which the means of production are publicly controlled and regulated rather than owned by individuals |
Red Scare | fear that communists were working the destroy capitalism and the American way of life |
Eighteenth Amendment | passed 1919; prohibited alcohol; result of temperance movement & anti-German sentiment from WWI |
Nineteenth Amendment | passed 1920; right to vote for women |
Henry Ford | developed the Model T & Ford Motor Company; made cars affordable through use of assembly line & mass production |
Mass Production | production of goods in large numbers through the use of machinery and assembly lines |
Advertising | nationwide campaigns launched to sell things like cars and new houses; people think they "need" new things instead of "wanting" them |
Consumerism | large-scale buying; much of it on credit (buy now, pay later) |
Mass Media | began after WWI - commercial radio and movies became unifying force in the national culture |
Radio | broadcasts of music, stories, sports, and news were nationwide creating a stronger national, rather than regional, identity; mass marketing; branding |
Movies | egan as silent films; 1920s added sound; entertainment industry so popular it influenced national culture. |
National Culture | people want to be like stars - clothes, products, activities. |
Jazz | first true form of American music; born in Deep South out of musical traditions of slaves; Duke Ellington & Louis Armstrong |
Harlem Renaissance | first significant movement from Black culture; originated in Harlem, NYC - Literature, music, art, and dance all produced |
Modernist Movement | artistic movement of 1920s; abstract paintings and art deco movement |
Langston Hughes | Harlem Renaissance poet that used rhythms of Black music and free verse |
Overproduction | Supply surplus; USA had more goods than consumers because European countries in recession = no market overseas. |
Underconsumption | people quit spending money on "wants" and only bought necessities after market crashed; slowed down economy |
Stock Market Crash of 1929 | caused by “Get Rich Quick” attitudes of stock speculators; buyers borrowed money then had no way to pay back so sold off stocks ; mass selling led to crash in October 1929 |
Great Depression | period from 1929-1941 where US economy faltered and unemployment soared |
Dust Bowl | drought suffered in Great Plains during the 1930s; led to dust storms and large group of people moving west to California in search of fertile land |
Unemployment | people who are actively searching for a job but cannot find one; out of work |
Hoovervilles | houses created by packing crates & cardboard boxes during Great Depression by homeless people |
President Franklin D. Roosevelt | 32nd president from 1932-1945; democrat; led nation through Great Depression with New Deal programs that greatly expanded size of national government |
New Deal | FDR's plan for relief, recovery, and reform during Great Depression |
Social Security Act | Second New Deal program; old-age pensions, unemployment insurance, and aid to the disabled |
Second New Deal | FDR's plan to help people who did not benefit from first New Deal programs (elderly, minorities, etc) |
Eleanor Roosevelt | FDR's wife; 1st First Lady of US to speak out about social issues; advocate for minorities, the poor, and women |
Public Works Administration (PWA) | New Deal agency that provided millions of jobs constructing public buildings, airports, dams, and bridges |
Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) | New Deal Program; provided young men with jobs on environmental conservation projects |
Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) | New Deal agency created to build dams in Tennessee River to control flooding and generate electric power |
Federal Deposits Insurance Corporation (FDIC) | provided insurance on bank accounts; created to restore confidence in banks |
Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) | regulates the stock market; meant to limit speculation and prevent another crash |